Spatial variations of plant species diversity in urban soil seed banks in Beijing,China: Implications for plant regeneration and succession |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station China, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;3. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China;4. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;5. Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;1. Department of Landscape, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China;2. School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China;1. Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403–5249, United States;2. Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, United States;3. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States;1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China;2. Linan Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, TV, Tourism and Sport, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang Province, PR China;3. Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, United States;4. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China;5. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China;6. China Mobile (Zhejiang) Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310030, PR China;7. Institute of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China;1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215, United States;2. Population Health Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States;3. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States;4. Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States;5. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States;6. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States |
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| Abstract: | The near-to-nature urban forestry concept and practices are widely recognized for urban greening, urban ecosystem restoration, urban greenspace management for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision. However, the regeneration and succession of urban vegetation are rarely studied due to the complex settings of the urban environment. To this end, we conducted a large-scale field investigation in the metropolitan area of Beijing, China to explore the spatial variations in plant species composition and diversity in soil seed banks, and their similarity to the aboveground vegetation to assess the potential of urban plant regeneration. Overall, 657 vegetation and soil sampling plots from 219 grids, measuring 2 km × 2 km each, were investigated within two perpendicular 10 km wide transects running across the urban center in north-south and east-west directions within the 6th Ring Road of the city. We recorded a total of 102 plant species in soil seed banks, including 13 tree species, 10 shrub species, and 79 herb species. We found that the soil seed bank species diversity and its similarity to that of the aboveground vegetation communities decreased significantly with the urbanization intensity. Higher urbanization intensity is typically associated with increased human management and a reduction in Greenspace Area (GSA). Soil seed bank species richness increased significantly when GSA exceeded 45 % and the similarity of species composition and diversity between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation communities was the highest in forest parks. This suggests that habitats under forest park management are more conducive to plant regeneration. Soil seed bank species diversity first increased and then decreased significantly with increased distance to the city center, whereas the species similarity between the soil seed banks and the aboveground vegetation communities showed little change with the ring roads going out. The results of this study have important implications for further understanding the potential for urban vegetation regeneration and sustainability, which have significant implications for urban biodiversity conservation and restoration. |
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| Keywords: | Urbanization Soil seed banks Plant diversity Urban greenspace Plant regeneration |
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