Green infrastructure inequality in the context of COVID-19: Taking parks and trails as examples |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;2. Hubei Habitat Environment Research Centre of Engineering and Technology, Wuhan 430072, China;3. Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;4. Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA;1. Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. Research Center of Urban Forest National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, PR China;3. The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;4. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China;1. Escuela Profesional de Biología. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa., Av. Alcides Carrión s/n, 04001 Arequipa, Peru;2. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa. Av. Venezuela s/n 04001, Arequipa, Peru.;3. Departamento Académico de Biología. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Alcides Carrión s/n, 04001 Arequipa, Peru;1. Cartography & GIS Research Group, Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;2. Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Department of Geography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;3. Building, Architecture, & Town Planning (BATir) Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Urban green infrastructures play a critical role in enhancing the well-being of residents, yet their equitable access remains a concern, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak. There is a lack of knowledge on how people respond to the pandemic regarding the usage of green infrastructure in cities. This paper explores the shifts in visitation to parks and trails, two popular types of green infrastructures in Salt Lake County, Utah, by analyzing the results of a survey conducted during the pandemic. Our conceptualization considers personal and neighborhood level factors, including personal socioeconomic status, existing inequalities of green infrastructures, urban form, and neighborhood conditions. People who reside close to the city center tend to go to parks more often, while those living in urban edges use trails more. Visiting green infrastructures less often is more likely in areas with higher COVID-19 infection rates. The regression results confirm the importance of neighborhood level factors and illustrate the intricate elements influencing people's decisions to visit different green infrastructures during the pandemic, which shows non-linear relationships. Wealthier, white, and younger people seem to enjoy green infrastructures more often, leading to the concern of amplified inequality. Higher COVID-19 cases result in higher demands for green infrastructures, which are not fulfilled during the pandemic, especially for vulnerable communities, leading to spatial exclusion. The findings highlight the importance of smart growth, including compact development, public transit, and pocket parks, in promoting the urban resilience of park and trail visits, as they may provide more opportunities for access and alternatives to green infrastructures even in the context of the pandemic. |
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| Keywords: | Green infrastructure Urban inequality COVID-19 Urban planning |
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