| 氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵士诚,魏美艳,仇少君,何萍.氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):20-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵士诚 魏美艳 仇少君 何萍 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费专项资金项目(2015-1)，国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2013CB127404) |
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| 摘 要： | 通过田间试验研究了秸秆和氮肥管理对小麦生育期土壤无机氮、微生物量碳、氮和小麦生长的影响,设置秸秆还田不施氮(CK)、农民习惯施氮FN5∶5(5∶5为氮肥基追比,下同)、推荐施氮SN3∶7、SN5∶5、SN7∶3和秸秆移走推荐施氮N5∶5处理。施氮显著提高苗期土壤无机氮含量,其与基肥氮量成正比且在拔节期显著降低,拔节后追肥提高了后期无机氮且其与追肥量成正比。小麦生育前期土壤微生物没有增加对无机氮的固持,而在拔节和抽穗期显著增加,此后逐步降低。秸秆还田较秸秆移走增加了无机氮固持,且生育中期固持量远高于前期。氮肥基追比过高导致小麦前期氮奢侈吸收和旺长且影响后期生长,氮肥3∶7基追施能满足小麦养分供求同步并实现高产和提高氮肥利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆还田 氮肥运筹 土壤无机氮 土壤微生物量碳氮 冬小麦 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/4/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/4/29 0:00:00 |
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen supply and winter wheat growth under straw return |
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| ZHAO Shi-cheng,WEI Mei-yan,QIU Shao-jun,HE Ping.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen supply and winter wheat growth under straw return[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(2):20-25. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Shi-cheng WEI Mei-yan QIU Shao-jun HE Ping |
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| Abstract: | Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw and nitrogen(N)fertilizer managements on soil inorganic N,microbial biomass carbon and N during winter wheat growing season and wheat growth,experimental treatments included no-N control(CK),farmer practice N FN5:5(5:5 is the ratio of basal N to topdressing N,the same as below),recommended N rate SN3:7,SN5:5,SN7:3 under straw return and N5:5 under no-straw return.Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased soil inorganic N in the seeding stage for all N fertilization treatments,their inorganic N concentrations were positive correlation with the rates of basal N and significantly decreased in the shooting stage,the topdressing N after shooting stage increased inorganic N concentrations in wheat later growth stage and their concentrations were positive correlation with the topdressing N rates.Soil microbial inorganic N retention did not increase in the early growth stage of wheat compared with before sowing,but the inorganic N retention significantly increased in the shooting and heading stages,and then gradually decreased with wheat growing.Relative to the removement of crop straw,straw return increased soil microbial inorganic N retention,and the inorganic N retention was great higher in wheat middle growing stage than the early stage.High ratio of basal N to topdressing N resulted in wheat luxury N uptake and excessive growth in early stage and inhibited wheat growth in later stage,the application of basal and topdressing N at 3:7 ratio could meet the demand of wheat whole growing stage,and realize higher grain yield and increase N use efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | straw return N fertilizer management soil inorganic N soil microbial biomass C and N winter wheat |
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