| 河北省高产夏玉米的群体结构与产量形成特征 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王磊,万敬敬,杜雄,崔彦宏,党红凯,李科江.河北省高产夏玉米的群体结构与产量形成特征[J].华北农学报,2016(4):177-183. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王磊 万敬敬 杜雄 崔彦宏 党红凯 李科江 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 河北农业大学 农学院，河北省作物生长重点调控实验室，河北 保定 071001;2. 河北省农林科学院 旱作农业研究所,河北 衡水,053000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 河北省科技支撑计划项目(14226401 D)；河北省现代农业产业技术体系玉米创新团队专项基金项目(HBCT2013020203；HBCT2013020204)；粮食丰产科技工程(2011 BAD16B08；2012BAD04B06；2013BAD07B05)；国家公益性行业专项(201203100) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为探寻夏玉米高产栽培可借鉴的高效生产管理方法和显著提高其产量,采用对比研究方法,明确了河北省夏玉米生产中高产模式和农户生产模式间群体结构、产量形成的差异。结果表明,高产模式比农户生产模式产量提高了21.4%,原因在于高产模式下82 000穗/hm~2以上的有效穗数和近350 g的千粒质量,但高产模式的单穗粒数不占优势。高产模式下夏玉米具有较高的穗高系数,倒伏风险也随之加大。高产模式吐丝期叶面积指数在6.3以上、全生育期总光合势在300万(m~2·d)/hm~2以上,且花后光合势占总光合势的75%以上,吐丝后光合势较农户栽培模式提高了38.4%。高产模式下茎叶干物质向籽粒转移量显著高于农户生产模式,而农户生产模式因籽粒的灌浆活跃期较短而出现干物质在茎叶中的积累现象。收获时高产模式下群体干物质达到24 296 kg/hm~2,收获指数为54.43%。每生产100 kg籽粒对氮磷钾的需求量高产模式下分别为1.93,1.19,1.85 kg,与农户生产模式相比,高产模式对钾素和磷素的相对需求比例增高,氮素需求量则有所降低。
|
| 关 键 词： | 高产夏玉米 群体结构 产量形成 河北省 |
Population Structure and Yield Formation of High-yield Summer Maize in Hebei Province |
| |
| Abstract: | In order to find out a referential efficient summer maize planting process and increase its grain yield effectively,with a comparative analysis method the difference of population structure and yield formation between high-yield mode of summer maize production and farmers′practice was cleared in Hebei Province.The results indi-cated that compared with farmers′practice,the output of high-yield mode increased by 21 .4%,which resulted from more than 82 000 ears per ha and nearly 350 g of 1000-grain weight.In high-yield mode,due to the higher ear height index of summer maize the risk of lodging increased.The leaf area index (LAI)at silking stage was above 6.3,total leaf area duration in the whole growing period was more than 3 million (m2·d)/ha in high-yield produc-tion mode,more than 75% of which was in post-anthesis.After silking,the leaf area duration increased by 38.4%compared with farmers′practice.In high-yield mode,the dry matter transferred from stem and leaf to grain was sig-nificantly higher than farmers′practice in which dry matter accumulated in stem and leaf because the active period of grain filling was shorter.In high-yield production mode,the dry matter of population was up to 24 296 kg /ha at harvest and the harvest index achieved 54.43%.In the demand of N,P,K,for each 100 kg grain production,in high-yield production mode was 1 .93,1 .19,1 .85 kg,respectively.Compared with the farmers′practice,the demand of potassium and phosphorus relatively increased,while nitrogen demand decreased slightly in high-yield mode. |
| |
| Keywords: | High-yield summer maize Population structure Yield formation Hebei Province |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
|
