| 基于LeMaRns模型评估印度洋金枪鱼渔业对大洋生态系统的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李秀超,林琴琴,陈作志,朱江峰,张春月.基于LeMaRns模型评估印度洋金枪鱼渔业对大洋生态系统的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2023,32(1):203-216. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李秀超 林琴琴 陈作志 朱江峰 张春月 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 广东 广州 510300;上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室, 上海 201306;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(41676120) |
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| 摘 要： | 近年来,渔业资源管理由单鱼种管理模式逐渐向基于生态系统的管理模式发展,但由于生态系统的复杂性,这方面的模式研究以及应用还很少。依据印度洋金枪鱼委员会(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, IOTC)、Fishbase等公开数据库和文献,首次尝试构建了基于印度洋金枪鱼渔业19个主要物种体长结构的多物种生态系统模型LeMaRns,并模拟物种及生态系统结构在4种渔船作业方式、不同捕捞水平下的变化。结果表明,捕捞会造成种群生物量下降,还会影响种间关系,进一步导致其他物种的种群生物量发生变化。大型鱼类指数(Large fish indicator, LFI)和平均最大长度(Mean maximum length, MML)对延绳钓最为敏感,2个指标的减小表明生态系统中大个体鱼类的比例下降,小个体鱼类的比例上升,这对生态系统的稳定性可能会产生负面影响,在渔业管理中应着重考虑。捕捞对生态系统结构产生了负面影响,但不同作业方式对不同种群的影响不同,在渔业管理中应根据不同作业方式,考虑不同捕捞水平对生态系统的影响。在设置的捕捞情境下生态系统中无种群处于崩溃状态,鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)和大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)在假设当前捕捞努力量2倍的情况下,相对种群生物量分别为0.6~0.7、0.6~0.7、0.7~0.8和0.6~0.7,仍处于较高的水平,说明4个种群处于健康状态。最后,为了更好地将LeMaRns模型应用于大洋生态系统,对进一步的研究提出了几点建议:对LeMaRns模型进行结构性改进以更好适应实际情况,开展食物网调查和生物学研究以确保数据准确纳入环境因素等。
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| 关 键 词： | LeMaRns模型 生态系统 体长结构 金枪鱼渔业 印度洋 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/6/22 0:00:00 |
Impact of Indian Ocean tuna fisheries on pelagic ecosystem based on LeMaRns model |
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| LI Xiuchao,LIN Qinqin,CHEN Zuozhi,ZHU Jiangfeng,ZHANG Chunyue.Impact of Indian Ocean tuna fisheries on pelagic ecosystem based on LeMaRns model[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2023,32(1):203-216. |
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| Authors: | LI Xiuchao LIN Qinqin CHEN Zuozhi ZHU Jiangfeng ZHANG Chunyue |
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| Institution: | College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, China Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China;College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;National Pelagic Fisherices Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years fisheries management has gradually shifted from single-species management mode to ecosystem-based management mode. Due to the complexity, however, the ecosystem-based management has not been widely studied and implemented. Based on public databases in the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), Fishbase and other resources, a LeMaRns ecosystem model (Length-based Multi-species analysis by numerical simulation in R) was developed based on 19 major species in the Indian Ocean tuna fisheries, and changes of species and ecosystem structure at different fishing levels of four fishery types were predicted. The results showed that fishing would reduce the stock biomass, affect the interspecific relationship and further lead to the changes of stock biomass of other species. Large fish indicator (LFI) and mean maximum length (MML) are most sensitive to longline, and the decrease of the two indicators indicated that the proportion of large individual fish in the ecosystem decreases and the proportion of small individual fish increases, which may have a negative impact on the stability of the ecosystem and should be considered in fishery management. The study suggests that fishing has a negative impact on the ecosystem structure, however, fishery type imposed the impact differently with respect to various species. This should be taken into account when implementing ecosystem based management. Under the scenario of two times of recent fishing effort (2 × E2010-2019), no stock was predicted to be in a state of collapse, and the relative stock biomass of skipjack tuna, albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna ranged 0.6-0.7, 0.6-0.7, 0.7-0.8 and 0.6-0.7, respectively, remained at a relatively high level, indicating that the stocks are in a healthy state. Finally, in order to better apply the LeMaRns model to the pelagic ecosystem system, several suggestions were made for further research: structural improvement of the LeMaRns model to better suit the actual situation, and conducting food web surveys and biological studies to ensure accurate data, and incorporating environmental factors, etc. |
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| Keywords: | LeMaRns model ecosystem size structure tuna fishery Indian Ocean |
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