| 缓控释肥一次性施用后土壤氮素供应与损失特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨俊刚,安文博,连炳瑞,邹国元,王激清,孙焱鑫.缓控释肥一次性施用后土壤氮素供应与损失特征研究[J].玉米科学,2023,31(1):135-142. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨俊刚 安文博 连炳瑞 邹国元 王激清 孙焱鑫 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097;北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097;北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097;河北北方学院农林科技学院, 河北 张家口 075000;北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097;河北北方学院农林科技学院, 河北 张家口 075000 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-02)、国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200601)、北京市粮经作物产业创新团队(BAIC09-2019) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用小区试验，设置常规施肥(U,240 kg/hm2)、包膜控释肥料(CU,180 kg/hm2)、双效抑制剂增效肥料(DU,180 kg/hm2)、添加生物炭保护层的抑制剂增效肥料(BU,180 kg/hm2)一次性施肥、无氮对照(CK)5个处理，研究对夏玉米生长、产量、氨挥发和土壤无机氮残留的影响。结果表明，一次性施肥显著增加了苗期无机氮的供应，在大喇叭口期维持一定的供氮强度，其中BU处理供氮较高。与常规施肥处理相比，一次性减量施肥对营养生长的影响不明显，产量未出现下降，氮肥农学效率显著增加，氨挥发降低54%～63%，硝态氮残留减少6%～20%。3种缓控释肥减量一次性施用均可维持较高的产量并降低环境影响。与聚合物包膜控释肥相比，双效抑制剂增效肥制作简单、成本低，氮素释放快、供应充足，添加生物炭保护层可以进一步促进增产增效。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 包膜尿素 增效尿素 氨挥发 氮素残留 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/1/18 0:00:00 |
Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen Supply and Losses after a One-Off Application of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer |
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| YANG Jun-gang,AN Wen-bo,LIAN Bing-rui,ZOU Guo-yuan,WANG Ji-qing,SUN Yan-xin.Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen Supply and Losses after a One-Off Application of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2023,31(1):135-142. |
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| Authors: | YANG Jun-gang AN Wen-bo LIAN Bing-rui ZOU Guo-yuan WANG Ji-qing SUN Yan-xin |
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| Institution: | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097;College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow, Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097;College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China |
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| Abstract: | A field experiment was conducted with 5 treatments,(1) control (CK):no N fertilizer;(2) conventional fertilization (U):traditional urea at 240 kg/ha by two splits;(3) synergistic urea (DU):double-effect inhibitor synergistic urea mixed with traditional urea=2:1,one-off fertilization at 180 kg/ha;(4) coated urea (CU):resin-coated urea mixed with traditional urea=1:2,one-off application at 180 kg/ha;(5) biochar synergistic urea (BU):biochar synergistic urea and traditional urea mixed at 2:1,one-off fertilization at 180 kg/ha,to verify the trait of nitrogen (N) supply,yield and environmental impacts.Three one-off fertilization treatments significantly increased mineral N supply in the early stage,and maintained a certain N supply intensity in the big bell stage;the N supply of the BU treatment was higher than the other two treatments.Compared with U treatment,one-off fertilization did not produce obvious effects on maize growth and yield,and the agronomic N efficiency increased significantly,the NH3 emission decreased by 54%-63% and soil nitrate N residues also decreased by 6%-29%.In Conclusion,one-off application of the controlledow release fertilizers by 25% reduction can sustain a high-level yield and reduce environmental impacts.In comparison to polymer-coated urea,the manufacture of double effect inhibitor synergistic urea is simpler,lower cost,and the N release is faster,resulting in sufficient supply.The double effect inhibitor synergistic urea added with biochar protective layer can further promote yield and N use efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | Summer maize Coated urea Synergistic urea Ammonia volatilization Nitrate residual |
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