| 猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴华山,郭德杰,马 艳,常志州.猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):163-168. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴华山 郭德杰 马 艳 常志州 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心 南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[cx(09)623]和农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心开放课题 |
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| 摘 要： | 猪粪沼液含有大量的养分,如氮、磷、钾、氨基酸、腐植酸等,但如果不及时施用,也会带来水体富营养化问题。沼液替代化肥是目前最有效的利用方式。采用田间试验方法,在春、夏两季玉米上,研究了猪粪沼液不同用量与不同运筹对土壤氨挥发损失以及玉米产量、品质等的影响。结果表明,夏玉米基施猪粪沼液氨挥发量大于春玉米,沼液的氨挥发量明显大于化肥,且沼液施用量越大,氨挥发量越大;由氨挥发导致的氮素损失量占施肥量的0.17%~2.16%,平均为0.88%。在春玉米中,单独施用化肥以及化肥与沼液各50%配施处理的产量分别为901.55 kg.667m?2和892.71 kg.667m?2,显著高于其他处理;纯化肥处理可溶性糖为103.69 g.kg?1,显著低于其他处理;纯化肥处理皮渣率为9.87%,显著高于其他处理;其他品质指标各处理间无显著差异。在夏玉米中,总体产量不如春玉米,纯化肥处理产量为523.47 kg,显著高于其他处理,化肥与沼液各50%配施处理的产量仅次于纯化肥处理,为513.41 kg。纯化肥处理的玉米品质总体上高于纯沼液处理,但沼液和化肥各50%处理玉米品质与纯化肥处理无明显差异。可见,对玉米植物而言,以50%沼液替代化学肥料,在技术上可行,可以获得与化肥处理相同的玉米产量与品质。
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| 关 键 词： | 猪粪沼液 玉米 氨挥发 品质和产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011/6/22 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2011/9/2 0:00:00 |
Effects of pig manure-biogas slurry application on soil ammonia volatilization and maize output and quality |
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| WU Hua-Shan,GUO De-Jie,MA Yan and CHANG Zhi-Zhou.Effects of pig manure-biogas slurry application on soil ammonia volatilization and maize output and quality[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(2):163-168. |
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| Authors: | WU Hua-Shan GUO De-Jie MA Yan and CHANG Zhi-Zhou |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Jiangsu Province Agricultural Waste Resources Engineering Technology Research Center,Nanjing 210014,China) |
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| Abstract: | Pig manure-biogas slurry contains nutrients such as N, P, K, amino acid, humic acid, etc., and poses eutrophication of water bodies if not efficiently used. Using biogas slurry as a substitute for chemical fertilizers is best alternative practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of pig manure-biogas slurry on soil ammonia volatilization and maize output (quantity and quality). A set of spring and summer maize field experiments were carried out to study the variations in the contents of soil available N, P and K and ammonia volatilization after application of pig manure-biogas slurry. The results showed that soil ammonia volatilization after base fertilization was higher in summer maize than in spring maize. Soil ammonia volatilization was significantly higher under biogas slurry application than under chemical fertilization. Also ammonia volatilization increased with increasing biogas slurry application rate. Ratio of N loss by ammonia volatilization to fertilizer N was 0.17%~2.16%, with an average of 0.88%. In spring maize season, treatment of 100% chemical fertilization, and treatment of 50% biogas slurry N with 50% chemical N yielded 901.55 kg·667m-2 and 892.71 kg·667m-2 maize, remarkably higher than the outputs from other treatments. Dissoluble sugar content under 100% chemical fertilization treatment was 103.69 g·kg-1, much lower than that from other treatments. Also dreg ratio of 100% chemical fertilization treatment was 9.87%, significantly higher than that of other treatments. The other parameters of maize quality were not remarkably different among treatments. Summer maize output was lower than that of spring maize. Summer maize yield of 100% chemical fertilization treatment was 523.47 kg·667m-2, the highest in all the treatments. The yield of treatment of 50% biogas slurry N with 50% chemical N was 513.41 kg·667m-2, the second highest in all the treatments. Maize quality under 100% chemical fertilization treatment was higher than that under 100% biogas slurry treatment. However, no significant difference was noted in maize quality under treatment of 50% biogas slurry N with 50% chemical N. The results suggested that 50% chemical fertilizer N was replaceable with biogas slurry N in maize cultivation. |
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| Keywords: | Pig manure-biogas slurry Maize Ammonia volatilization Quality and output |
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