Effect of water exchange with mangrove enclosures based on nitrogen budget in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penaeus monodon</Emphasis> aquaculture ponds |
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| Authors: | Toru Shimoda Yoshimi Fujioka Chumpol Srithong Chittima Aryuthaka |
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| Institution: | Ishigaki Tropical Station, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Okinawa 907-0451,; Fisheries Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan, and;Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | ABSTRACT: A model experiment in which water was circulated between shrimp aquaculture ponds (Ponds 1, 2, and 5), and mangrove enclosures (Ponds 3 and 4), was carried out at the Samut Songkhram Coastal Aquatic Research Station, Thailand, from March through July 2003. Five ponds with a size of 40 m × 20 m and 1.5 m deep were used for this experiment. Ten thousand shrimp larvae Penaeus monodon at the PL-15 stage were stocked in Ponds 1 and 5, and 20 000 larvae were stocked in Pond 2. Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata (476 trees) had been planted in each of Ponds 3 and 4 in July 2002. Approximately 30% of the water in Ponds 2 and 5 was moved to the mangrove enclosures by siphon (Ponds 3 and 4, respectively) every Thursday, and the same amount was returned to the shrimp ponds by pump every Monday over the 136-day experiment. Shrimp incorporated 30.3, 25.6, and 33.7% of the input nitrogen as feed in Ponds 1, 2, and 5. Since 2.02 kg N in Pond 2 and 0.76 kg N in Pond 5 was transported to the mangrove ecosystem, and 4.26 kg N in Pond 2 and 3.98 kg N in Pond 5 was retained in water and mud, it was estimated that between 2.1 and 5.2 unit areas of mangroves is required to remove the nitrogen remaining in the aquaculture pond. |
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| Keywords: | mangrove nitrogen budget shrimp aquaculture water purification |
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