Micro nutrient toxicity in French marigold |
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Authors: | Jong‐Myung Choi Chun‐Ho Pak Chiwon W Lee |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Horticulture , Chungnam National University , Daejeon, 305–764, Korea;2. Department of Horticulture Breeding , Mokpo National University , Chonnam, 534–729, Korea;3. Department of Plant Sciences , North Dakota State University , Fargo, ND, 58105 Fax: E-mail: chlee@badlands.nodak.edu) |
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Abstract: | The influence of elevated levels of micronutrients on the growth and flowering of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was investigated. Plants were grown with nutrient solution containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 mM boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), or zinc (Zn) and toxicity development was monitored. The threshold micronutrient concentrations that induced visible foliar toxicity symptoms were 0.5 mM B, 4 mM Cu, 4 mM Fe, 2 mM Mn, 1 mM Mo, and 5 mM Zn. The dry matter yields during the 5 week experimental period were reduced when micronutrient concentrations exceeded 0.5 mM B, 3 mM Cu, 3 mM Fe, 6 mM Mn, 0.5 mM Mo, and 5 mM Zn in the fertilizer solution. Leaf chlorophyll contents decreased when the nutrient solution concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn were greater than 0.5 mM, 3 mM, and 2 mM, respectively. Visual toxicity symptoms of the six micronutrients were characterized. |
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Keywords: | biofiltration Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter aquaponics ammonia oxidation nitrite oxidation |
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