Plant functional rarity across different land use types in the megacity of Tokyo |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.;3. Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;2. Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan;3. Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimachoyacho 1577, Tsu, Mie, Japan;4. Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Zaluuchuudiin Urgun Chuluu-1, PO Box 377, Ulaanbaatar, 210646, Mongolia;1. School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;2. University of Brasilia, School of Public Health, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;3. University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;4. University of Brasilia, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;5. University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil;1. Department for International Scientific Cooperation in Southeast Europe – EFISEE, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;2. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany;3. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;1. Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, 133 Shing Tai Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China;2. Landscape Division, Highways Department, Spectrum Tower, 53 Hung To Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;3. Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section, Development Bureau, 2 Tim Mei Avenue, Tamar, Hong Kong, China;1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;2. Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;4. Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China |
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| Abstract: | The rarity of species has multiple facets. Functional rarity is an integrated index that can quantify species’ sparseness and functional traits’ rarity. However, a comprehensive evaluation of various dimensions of functional rarity at different scales in urban ecosystems is under-researched. Here, we addressed two hypotheses: (1) functional rarity will not be consistent with conventional rarity at local and regional scales, and (2) land use types influence the distribution of all forms of functionally rare plants in urban ecosystems. We first selected ten functional traits to quantify the functional rarity components of 170 plant species. Second, we assessed the distribution of functional rarity and all forms of functionally rare plants across seven land use types in the megacity of Tokyo. We found that functional rarity is not consistent with conventional rarity at the local and regional scales. Several native species and two non-native species were functionally distinct and not scarce at the local scale. In addition, natural remnants and anthropogenic habitats could protect functionally rare species in urban ecosystems. We thus argue for incorporating functional rarity in the current biodiversity conservation framework and considering natural remnants and anthropogenic habitats in urban functionally rare species conservation. |
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| Keywords: | Natural forests Rare plant conservation Urban biodiversity conservation Urbanization gradient Urbanized area |
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