Wealth and land use drive the distribution of urban green space in the tropical coastal city of Haikou,China |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;2. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China;4. Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China;5. Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200041, China;6. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Province, Sanya, China;1. Department of Systems Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Kaplanova 1931/1, 148 00 Prague 11-Chodov, Czech Republic;1. Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;2. Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;2. Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy;3. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain;4. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;5. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Urban green spaces (UGSs) provide a plethora of ecosystem services that benefit humans and wildlife within cities. UGS both promotes and is affected by overall urban ecological health, which can be measured by a wide range of indices. In this study, we investigated the distribution patterns and drivers of UGS within the tropical coastal city of Haikou, Hainan, China over the past decade using a combination of remote sensing data and field work. We interpreted Google earth images from 2010 and 2020 to determine the land cover of UGS within Urban Functional Units (UFUs). We collected socioeconomic variables to test if wealth, site age, and land use determine the proportion of UGS in the city. We found that the proportion of UGS in parks was the highest among all UFUs in 2010 and 2020. In general, UGS increased with maintenance frequency and housing price, which are proxies for the luxury effect. However, land use also played a role in UGS distribution across UFUs, especially in transportation areas, recreation and leisure districts, and residential districts. Haikou is similar to other cities in showing a positive luxury effect on the distribution of UGS. Our results highlight the key roles that parks, colleges and universities, and research institute areas have played in maintaining stable green space within Haikou over the past decade. We suggest that relatively recently implemented governmental programs to increase green space elsewhere in the city may not yet have achieved success within the time span that we analyzed. |
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| Keywords: | Urban green space Socioeconomics Luxury effect Land use Housing price Maintenance frequency |
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