| 杧果炭疽病病原菌侵染特性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 莫贱友,赵广.杧果炭疽病病原菌侵染特性研究[J].中国果业信息,2017,46(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 莫贱友 赵广 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西农业科学院植保所,广西林业有害生物防治站 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业技术体系广西杧果创新团队建设专项资金［桂农业发(2011)33］、桂农科2014JZ17、桂农科2015YT39、GXNSFBA019075 |
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| 摘 要： | 采用细胞组织学和扫描电镜观察杧果炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）在杧果叶片、果实上的侵染过程，并研究了温度、湿度、刺伤对其发病情况的影响。显微观察结果表明，接种后3h，病原菌分生孢子在刺伤、不刺伤的叶片及果实上均开始萌发，其孢子萌发率为36%-81%，附着胞形成率为20%-61%；接种6-12h，¬¬¬大量分生孢子开始萌发，并形成附着胞；接种后24h孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率均超过88%；接种后48h后菌丝体进一步生长呈现网膜状的菌丝团，并不断扩展。在不同温湿度下，刺伤与不刺伤的杧果炭疽病的发生情况差异显著，20°C情况下叶片和果实上的病斑平均直径最小分别为13.4mm和3.5mm。30°C情况下叶片和果实上的病斑平均直径最大分别为26.1mm和8.7mm。在7和14 天，湿度69.2%条件下，病情指数仅为12.9 和 12.9，而湿度84.5%时，病情指数分别达27.9和 87.1。刺伤处理的叶片和果实发病率均为100%，其病情指数分别为68.57和57.14，病斑直径分别为8.7mm和11.7mm。不刺伤的叶片和果实的发病率仅为70%和40%，其病情指数也只有38.57和5.71, 病斑直径分别为1.8mm和12.7mm。杧果炭疽菌在条件适宜情况下，可在3h内萌发并侵入寄主组织；伤口可促进杧果炭疽菌分生孢子的萌发，但不利于附着胞的形成。在温度20-28°C间，温度越高发病越重，湿度69.2-85.4%间，湿度越高发病越重，且伤口可加重杧果炭疽病的发生。
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| 关 键 词： | 杧果，胶胞炭疽菌 侵染过程 发病条件 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/10/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/11/7 0:00:00 |
Infection characteristics of Mango Anthracnose |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the infection process and the epidemic condition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango. The infection process of the pathogen on mango leaves and fruits were observed via cytohistology and scanning electron microscope observation, and the influence of temperature, moisture, wound to the infection were also studied. The results showed that conidia germinated on both wound and unwound leaves or fruits at 3 h post inoculation (HPI), and the conidial germination rate was 36% to 81% while the appressorial formation was 20%-61%; lots of the conidiophores germinated and formed appressorium at 6 HPI; the rate of spore germination and appressorial formation was above 88% at 24 HPI; abundant mycelial growth was apparent on the plant surface at 48 HPI. Under different temperatures, disease incidence of mango anthracnose from wound inoculation treatment is significant different from that of unwounded treatment. The minimum diameters of lesions in leaves and fruits were 13.4 mm and 3.5 mm in 20°C, the maximum diameters of lesions in leaves and fruits were 26.1 mm and 8.7 mm in 30°C. The disease indexes were 12.9 and 56.4 at the lower relative humidity (69.2%), while the disease indexes were 27.9 and 87.1 at the higher relative humidity (84.5%), when investigated on the 7th and 14th day. The disease incidence was 100% in wound leaves and fruits, the disease indexes were 68.57 and 57.14, and the diameters of lesion were 8.7 mm and 11.7 mm, respectively. The disease incidences in unwound leaves and fruits were only 70% and 40%, the disease indexes were only 38.57 and 5.17, and the diameters of lesions were 1.8 mm and 12.7 mm, respectively. Conidia of C. gloeosporioides on mango germinated and began to invade to the host at 3 HPI under appropriate temperature and humidity. Wound on the host would benefit the conidial germination but go against the appressorial formation of C. gloeosporioides. With increased temperature ranged from 20 to 28 °C, the disease index of mango anthracnose continued to increase, with increased humidity ranged from 69.2 and 85.4%, the disease index of mango anthracnose continued to increase, and the wound is advantageous to the disease incidence and index. |
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| Keywords: | Mango Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection process epidemic condition |
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