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Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland |
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| Authors: | Gilbert M Thomas P Kivisild Toomas Grønnow Bjarne Andersen Pernille K Metspalu Ene Reidla Maere Tamm Erika Axelsson Erik Götherström Anders Campos Paula F Rasmussen Morten Metspalu Mait Higham Thomas F G Schwenninger Jean-Luc Nathan Roger De Hoog Cees-Jan Koch Anders Møller Lone Nukaaraq Andreasen Claus Meldgaard Morten Villems Richard Bendixen Christian Willerslev Eske |
| Institution: | Center for Ancient Genetics, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Abstract: | The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them. |
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