| 分蘖期干旱对不同施氮量和移栽密度下杂交稻产量及稻米品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋鹏,熊洪,张林,朱永川,周兴兵,刘茂,郭晓艺,徐富贤.分蘖期干旱对不同施氮量和移栽密度下杂交稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(5):465-471. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋鹏 熊洪 张林 朱永川 周兴兵 刘茂 郭晓艺 徐富贤 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，四川德阳 618000; 国家水稻改良中心四川泸州分中心，四川泸州 646100 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省农业科学院青年基金项目(2014CXSF-038)；四川省农业科学院优秀论文基金项目(201bLWJJ-009) |
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| 摘 要： | 以杂交稻旌优127为材料,设2种水分管理(常规灌溉和分蘖期干旱),2个施氮量(120、180 kg/hm~2),3个移栽密度(12.0、16.5、22.5穴/m~2),研究其对产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:2014年分蘖期干旱处理产量(10.72 t/hm~2)与常规灌溉产量(11.01 t/hm~2)相比未出现显著下降,而2015年分蘖期干旱处理产量(9.84 t/hm~2)显著低于常规灌溉处理的产量(10.50 t/hm~2),有效穗、每穗粒数、干物质减少是其减产的主要原因;分蘖期干旱处理下,随着施氮量的增加,产量呈增加趋势,而常规灌溉处理下,随着施氮量的增加,产量呈降低趋势;2种水分管理均随着移栽密度的增加产量呈显著增加趋势,有效穗和干物质增加是其增产的主要原因;分蘖期干旱处理的稻米加工品质、食味品质与常规灌溉相当,甚至更优,且其垩白粒率和垩白度较常规灌溉处理分别减少32.0%~46.5%、20.0%~34.8%。可见,对于分蘖期干旱易发水稻产区来说,增加施氮量和提高移栽密度可明显降低因分蘖期干旱而造成的产量损失,其适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm~2,移栽密度为22.5穴/m~2。
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| 关 键 词： | 杂交稻 分蘖期干旱 施氮量 移栽密度 稻米品质 |
Effect of drought stress during tillering period on grain yield and rice quality of hybrid rice under different nitrogen rates and hill densities |
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| Abstract: | In this experiment, Hybrid rice Jingyou127 was used as material, two irrigation regimes of conventional irrigation (CI) and drought stress during tillering period (DSTP), two nitrogen (N) levels of medium N rate (120 kg/hm2) and high N rate (180 kg/hm2), and three hill densities of low hill density (12 hill per 1 m2, LH) and medium hill density (16.5 hill per 1 m2, MH) and high hill density (22.5 hill per 1 m2, HH) were designed, to investigate how nitrogen rates and hill density affect grain yield and quality of hybrid rice under drought stress during tillering period. The result showed that there was no significant difference in grain yield between CI (10.72 t/hm2) and DSTP (11.01 t/hm2) in 2014, whereas the difference (6.2%) between DSTP (9.84 t/hm2) and CI (10.50 t/hm2) was significant in 2015, the decrease of grain yield of DSTP was due to the decrease of effective ears of grain number per panicle and the weight of dry matter. Grain yield of DSTP increased with N rate increasing, while grain yield of CI decreased with N rate increasing. Grain yield increased with hill density increasing, irrespective of CI or DSTP regime, that was due to the increase of effective ears and the weight of dry matter. Compared with CI, DSTP was not only significantly lower in rate of chalky grains and degree of chalkiness by 32.0% to 46.5% and 20.0% to 34.8%, respectively, but also had similar or higher quality of milling, cooking and eating. Our results suggest that increasing N rate and hill density can obviously decrease yield loss resulted from drought stress during tillering period. The N application rate of 180 kg/hm2 with hill density of 22.5 hill per 1 m2 are the optimal choice in the rice production area where the drought occur frequently in tillering period. |
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| Keywords: | hybrid rice tillering stage drought nitrogen fertilizer rate transplanting density rice quality |
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