| 碳源调理剂对黄瓜秧堆肥进程和碳氮养分损失的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 常瑞雪,甘晶晶,陈清,李彦明.碳源调理剂对黄瓜秧堆肥进程和碳氮养分损失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(Z2):254-259. |
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| 作者姓名： | 常瑞雪 甘晶晶 陈清 李彦明 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 十二五农村领域国家科技支撑计划课题：以都市农业为支撑的大学农业科技服务关键技术集成与示范（2013BAD20B01）;公益性行业（农业）科研专项"蔬菜副产物综合利用技术研究与示范（201303079）" |
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| 摘 要： | 由于中国蔬菜产地的黄瓜秧无害化处理与循环利用缺乏针对性的使用技术,这类废弃资源多成为当地的环境污染源。该文以黄瓜秧为原料(空白对照,CK)进行高温好氧堆肥,并在此基础上设置2组处理,即把玉米秸秆(CS)和木本泥炭(WP)作为辅助碳源调理剂,按照C/N比为25添加到物料中。通过对比分析不同处理的CO2和氨气的排放速率和累积量、物料损失率、有机质含量、p H值、电导率(EC)、发芽指数等指标,研究外加碳源对黄瓜秧堆肥过程和碳氮氧分损失的影响,以期实现对黄瓜秧堆肥化进程进行工艺优化,并降低碳氮元素以气态形式的损失,进而减少温室气体排放。结果表明:玉米秸秆和木本泥炭作为外加碳源调理剂,可以减少物料损失量,加速堆肥腐熟进程,其中尤以玉米秸秆效果更佳。但是,玉米秸秆的添加会增加整个堆肥过程中有机质的降解和CO2的排放强度,提高累积排放量(100g/kg),而木本泥炭会减少有机质的降解总量和CO2的累积排放量(77g/kg);玉米秸秆和木本泥炭都有利于控制堆肥过程中氨气的排放,且作用时间和机理不同。综合考虑堆肥进程和气体损失,木本泥炭作为碳源调理剂的改良效果更优于秸秆,应进一步研究两者联合使用的效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 调理剂 堆肥 氮 木本泥炭 玉米秸秆 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/7/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/9/20 0:00:00 |
Effect of carbon resources conditioner on composting process and carbon and nitrogen loss during composting of cucumber stalk |
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| Chang Ruixue,Gan Jingjing,Chen Qing and Li Yanming.Effect of carbon resources conditioner on composting process and carbon and nitrogen loss during composting of cucumber stalk[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Z2):254-259. |
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| Authors: | Chang Ruixue Gan Jingjing Chen Qing and Li Yanming |
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| Institution: | College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | In China, vegetable growing area and production has been increased rapidly in order to satisfy the demand for vegetable and benefit, which must be accompanied with more and more vegetable waste hard to be treated nowadays. Because of no harmless and circle treatment technology for vegetable wastes in vegetable origin, they would become sources of environmental pollution, especially for cucumber, one of the major vegetables in China. In order to successfully produce soil amendment transferred from vegetable wastes, with the characteristics of high moisture, low C/N ratio, and potential pathogens, we try to use aerobic composting technology to treat them, cucumber waste as an example. The study set three treatments, cucumber waste itself as the control (CK), and the other two with the supplementary carbon conditioners, corn stalk (CS) and woody peat (WP), to make the C/N ratio of the mixed material as 25. By analysis the indexes: the emission rates and accumulative emission amounts of CO2 and ammonia produced per kilogram dry matter, material matter loss, organic matter degradation, pH value, EC, and germination rate index (GI) et al, the effects caused by different carbon conditioners were certified, in order to improve the composting maturity process, and to reduce the losses of carbon and nitrogen in the forms of CO2 and ammonia, so that to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. The results showed that utilization of additional carbon conditioners (corn stalk and woody peat) during the cucumber waste composting, could decrease the material matter loss in the mixed material, from 59.25% in CK to 54.35% (CS) and 50.75% (WP); accelerate the composting maturity process, one month was enough to get maturity; and corn stalk had better improve effect than woody peat as a carbon conditioner. However, addition of corn stalk increased the organic matter degradation percent (31.27%), CO2 emission rate and the cumulative emission amount (100 g·kg?1), while utilization of woody peat reduced the organic matter degradation percent (17.96%) and total emission amount (77 g·kg?1) when compared with CK (26.55% and 93.52 g/kg). The two carbon conditioners (corn stalk and woody peat) can help to control the ammonia cumulative emission amount, from 7.68 g/kg in CK to 6.52 g/kg in WP and 6.51 g/kg in CS, reduced by more than 15 %. And the work time and mechanism by the carbon conditioners were different. Besides, the two conditioner could help to improve the pH value and EC of the compost product, which would decrease the limitation of the product utilization in agriculture, especially woody peat in WP. Incorporating the composting maturity process, CO2 and ammonia emission rates and cumulative amounts during cucumber waste composting, woody peat had better performance than corn stalk when used as carbon conditioner. While considering the characteristics of corn stalk and woody peat, the improvement effect for maturity process and carbon and nitrogen loss controlling must be more significant if they could be used at the same time, but the performance need to be certify by experiment in the next step. |
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| Keywords: | bulking agent composting nitrogen woody peat corn stalk |
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