| 风干预处理对堆肥腐熟度及臭气排放量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 臧冰,李恕艳,李国学.风干预处理对堆肥腐熟度及臭气排放量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(Z2):247-253. |
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| 作者姓名： | 臧冰 李恕艳 李国学 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 十二五国家科技支撑计划项目珠三角地区高效循环技术集成与示范（2012BAD14B16）；污泥生物堆肥减排关键技术、装置及新产品开发（SQ2013ZOA000008）；国家自然科学基金生活垃圾生物处理甲烷氧化覆盖材料选择及功能强化机制（41275161）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 该研究以风干猪粪堆肥为处理,以新鲜猪粪堆肥为对照,在秸秆调理相同C/N基础上,对两个处理腐熟度和臭气排放进行比较分析。从温度、p H值、电导率和发芽率来看,利用新鲜猪粪和风干猪粪堆肥所得的产品均能达到腐熟和无害化标准;在硫化氢、羰基硫、二硫化碳、甲硫醚、乙硫醚、二甲二硫、甲硫醇和乙硫醇几种含硫臭气中,甲硫醚和二甲二硫占96%以上;风干猪粪堆肥比新鲜猪粪堆肥少排放71.09%的氨气,66.11%的甲硫醚和9.66%的二甲二硫。在不考虑风干环节存在的问题条件下,与新鲜猪粪堆肥相比,风干猪粪堆肥堆肥时间短,在堆肥品质提高的基础上,堆肥产品产量增加60%。通过降低水分和体积风干猪粪运输成本降低1/3,且对环境影响小,是远距离资源化处理畜禽粪便的较好途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 堆肥 粪 酶 含硫臭气 氨气 腐熟度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/7/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/9/18 0:00:00 |
Effects of air-dry pretreatment on maturity and odors during composting of pig manure and corn stalks |
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| Zang Bing,Li Shuyan and Li Guoxue.Effects of air-dry pretreatment on maturity and odors during composting of pig manure and corn stalks[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Z2):247-253. |
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| Authors: | Zang Bing Li Shuyan and Li Guoxue |
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| Institution: | College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Under the guiding thought of closed loop agriculture, the agriculture industry is becoming more intensified and specialized in China. Large scaled pig farms increased dramatically in China recently, which led to an enormous increase in pig manure. However, unlike in the US, the lagoon is not widely used to store swine manure in China because of the lack of land. Moreover, for some pig farms, it is hard to find enough land to consume all the manure nearby. Therefore, in some area, manure need to be transported to a specialized composting plant for treatment. Air-dry is a good process to decrease the volume of fresh manure for transporting. Meanwhile composting is a good way to treat pig manure as well as produce high-quality fertilizer. So it is meaningful to compare air-dried manure and fresh manure composting. In this study, composting reactors were used to conduct continuous aerated composting of air-dried pig manure and fresh pig manure. The dry matter of dry manure and fresh manure was controlled equally in each reactor. Same amount of 1~3cm corn stalks was used as a bulking agent for different treatments. Water was added into the feedstocks for the same initial moisture. Temperature, CO2, pH, electrical conductivity and germination index were measured to compare the maturity of two treatments. NH3 and eight kinds of sulfur odors were measured to compare the odor emissions of treatments. Specialized gas chromatograph was used for the measurement of sulfur odors. The result showed that mature compost product could be obtained from both of dry manure composting and fresh manure composting according to the result of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and germination index. The electrical conductivity of dry manure composting product was significantly lower than fresh manure. It took less time for dry manure composting to start the curing phase. NH3, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide emissions of dry manure composting were 71.09%, 66.11% and 9.66% less than those of fresh manure composting, respectively. Dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide are the main odors (>96%) among H2S, COS, CS2, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan. The emissions of other sulfur odors of dry manure composting were all less than fresh manure too. There was no ethyl mercaptan detected in two treatments. The moisture of dry manure and fresh manure was 28.53% and 70.27%, respectively. Transporting fresh manure may cause more fly-tipping and odor issue than dry manure. The result of mass balance showed that the volume of manure was reduced by 1/3 after the air-dry process. And dry manure composting could produce 60% more product than fresh manure composting based on dry matter. The total carbon and total nitrogen of dry manure composting were higher than those of fresh manure composting. Therefore, composting manure after air-dry process could reduce the consumption of transporting, shorten the composting time, reduce the emission of odors, as well as increase the amount of composting product. The air-dry pretreatment process is a good choice for operators who have the demand for transporting manure to minimize the environmental impacts and maintain income in composting practice. |
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| Keywords: | composting manures enzymes sulfur odor ammonia maturity |
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