| 添加剂对猪粪秸秆堆肥的氮素损失控制效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 李丹阳,李恕艳,李国学,王坤.添加剂对猪粪秸秆堆肥的氮素损失控制效果[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(Z2):260-267. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李丹阳 李恕艳 李国学 王坤 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划"农业废弃物好氧发酵过程中碳氮转化损失规律与氨挥发调控技术研究"（2016YFD0800601）;"十二五"国家科技支撑计划（2012BAD14B01）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（40971177） |
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| 摘 要： | 为减少堆肥过程中的氨气挥发和氮素损失,该文以新鲜猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,采用强制通风静态垛堆肥装置进行35 d的好氧堆肥试验,研究2种固氮添加剂(过磷酸钙+氢氧化镁、磷酸+氢氧化镁)对猪粪秸秆堆肥过程中的氮素损失控制效果。结果表明:添加适量的固氮剂均可降低堆肥化过程中氨气的排放率。过磷酸钙+氢氧化镁处理相比较对照和磷酸+氢氧化镁处理,氮素固定率较高,固氮效果较好。与对照处理相比,该处理在整个堆肥过程中的累积氨气挥发量和总氮损失分别降低了41.78%和13.27%;在堆肥结束时,铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别提高了60.00%和24.66%。最终堆肥产品的种子发芽率指数为97.22%~115.86%,表明所有处理在堆置35 d后均达到腐熟。X射线衍射分析证实了添加固定剂处理的堆肥产品中均有鸟粪石(Mg NH_4PO_4·6H_2O)的存在,说明通过添加过磷酸钙+氢氧化镁、磷酸+氢氧化镁2种固定剂可以改变堆肥的理化性质,促进堆肥的降解和腐熟。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮素 堆肥 粪 过磷酸钙 磷酸 氢氧化镁 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/7/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/9/14 0:00:00 |
Effects of additive on nitrogen loss during composting of pig manure and corn straw |
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| Li Danyang,Li Shuyan,Li Guoxue and Wang Kun.Effects of additive on nitrogen loss during composting of pig manure and corn straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Z2):260-267. |
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| Authors: | Li Danyang Li Shuyan Li Guoxue and Wang Kun |
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| Institution: | College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100093, China,College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100093, China,College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100093, China and College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100093, China |
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| Abstract: | China is a large agricultural country and has considerable crop straw resources. Meanwhile, with the development of large-scale livestock farming, more and more wastes are produced, especially swine manure, which is the most significant, contributing 46.3 % of total livestock waste. From the perspective of utilisation,crop straw and livestock manure containing rich nutrient elements are useful organic matter resources. Utilising and recycling these organic resources are urgent issues bearing great theoretical and practical significance in guaranteeing the urban and rural environment and promoting regional economic development. Composting is an efficient way of agriculture waste disposal that can reduce pollutant amount, make the pollutant harmless and use it as a resource. However, the nitrogen loss during manure composting is relatively serious. Studies on this nitrogen loss and its control could provide theoretic basis and practical reference for efficient nitrogen loss control. In this study, static forced-aeration composting reactors were used to study the effects of two different additivesCa(H2PO4)2+Mg(OH)2, H3PO4+Mg(OH)2] on reducing nitrogen loss of co-composting of fresh pig manure and corn straw.The changes of total nitrogen(TN)、ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)、nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N)content and ammonia(NH3) volatilization rate were measured during composting, as well as nitrogen fixation ratio in different phases was analyzed. The results showed that the additives not only reduced the amount of NH3 emission, but also postponed the maximum period of NH3 emission. Compared to the control, the treatments of Ca(H2PO4)2+Mg(OH)2 and H3PO4+Mg(OH)2 could reduce the amounts of NH3 emissionby 41.78 % and 31.37 % respectively. The treatments of Ca(H2PO4)2+ Mg(OH)2 and H3PO4+Mg(OH)2reduced the nitrogen losses as 28.63 % and 31.48 % respectively. Compared with the CK treatment, the nitrogen fixation rate of the correspondent treatment was 17.31 % and 5.57 % respectively. These results indicated that compared to the H3PO4+Mg(OH)2treatment, the Ca(H2PO4)2+Mg(OH)2 treatment had the better effect of nitrogen loss controlling. Compared to the control, the NH4+-N and NO3--N contents of this treatment increased by 60.00 % and 24.66 % respectively at the end of the composting. The germination index of the end products were from 97.22 % to 115.86 %, which indicated that all treatments were matured after 35 days composting. The X-ray diffraction analysisconfirmed the existence of struvite(MgNH4PO4·6H2O) in these treatments with additives.These results indicated that Ca(H2PO4)2+Mg(OH)2and H3PO4+ Mg(OH)2could accelerate the degradation of organic matter, and reduce the ammonia emission by struvite crystallization reaction. Moreover, because of the popular price and appropriate effect of nitrogen conservation,Ca(H2PO4)2 and Mg(OH)2 could be used as an additive in pig manure composting to reduce the ammonia emission and improve the value of compost as fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen composting manures calcium superphosphate phosphorus acid magnesium hydroxide |
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