| 喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合的封闭牛舍降温效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈昭辉,刘媛媛,吴中红,刘继军,杨食堂.喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合的封闭牛舍降温效果[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):211-218. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈昭辉 刘媛媛 吴中红 刘继军 杨食堂 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院，北京 100193; 动物营养学国家重点实验室，北京 100193;2. 高安市裕丰农牧有限公司,高安,330800 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项基金南方地区草食家畜舍饲小气候调控技术研究（201303145）、农业部肉牛牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-38） |
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| 摘 要： | 喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合的降温方式在猪舍、禽舍应用广泛，但在肉牛舍应用较少，该试验对喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合在封闭肉牛舍的运行模式进行了探究，并与喷雾结合扰流风机在开放肉牛舍的降温效果进行比较。该试验选用栓系饲养平均体质量273.4 kg的锦江黄牛杂交牛作为试验牛。处理舍安装低压两级雾化喷雾，配合卷帘和风机进行纵向负压通风降温；对照舍安装高压喷雾，结合扰流风机进行降温。两舍喷雾降温系统运行30 d，对环境条件、肉牛生理指标进行测定。结果表明低压两级喷雾在封闭牛舍纵向负压通风条件下喷雾与停止最佳时间均为5～10 min；经两舍喷雾系统降温后，处理舍的日平均温度为（30.4±0.1）℃，比对照舍和舍外分别降低了2.2、6.2℃（P＜0.01），而相对湿度为89.7%±0.9%，较对照舍和舍外分别升高了11.3%、35.2%（P＜0.01）；处理舍试验牛的直肠温度为（38.28±0.03）℃，比对照舍低0.26℃（P＜0.01）；躺卧比为0.87±0.02，比对照舍高12%（P＜0.01）；日平均呼吸频率为（43±1）次/min，与对照舍没有显著差异（P＞0.05）；平均日增质量为（1.38±0.23）kg/d，比对照舍高0.19 kg/d（P＞0.05）；处理舍售牛可获利1042.39元/(月·头)，比对照舍高72.67元/(月·头)。可见封闭牛舍喷雾与纵向负压通风相结合降温效果显著，可改善牛舍环境，有效缓解肉牛热应激，提高生产性能。
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| 关 键 词： | 降温 喷雾 湿度控制 低压 负压通风 封闭式牛舍 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/4/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/6/15 0:00:00 |
Cooling effects of spraying combined with tunnel negative pressure ventilation in enclosed feedlot barn |
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| Chen Zhaohui,Liu Yuanyuan,Wu Zhonghong,Liu Jijun and Yang Shitang.Cooling effects of spraying combined with tunnel negative pressure ventilation in enclosed feedlot barn[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(19):211-218. |
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| Authors: | Chen Zhaohui Liu Yuanyuan Wu Zhonghong Liu Jijun and Yang Shitang |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China,1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China,1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China,1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China and 3. Gao''anYufeng Agriculture Co., Ltd, Gao''an330800, China |
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| Abstract: | Spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation to cool animals is widely used in swine and poultry house, but it is rarely used in feedlot barn. The objectives of this study were to explore the operation mode of spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation in enclosed feedlot barn and compare its effects on environmental factors, physiological indexes and growth performance of beef cattle with the efficient cooling method that spraying combined with fans in open feedlot barn in summer in Southern China. Jinjiang Yellow Crossbred Cattle (average body weight 273.4 kg) were fed in the treatment and the control barn for 30 days. In the treatment barn, low pressure two-stage atomizing sprayers and fans were installed in the automatic control rolling blinds barn, and the system cooling the beef cattle by spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation. In the control barn, high pressure atomizing sprayers and fans were installed in the open barn to cool the beef cattle by spraying combined with fans. Before the animal study, four comparison intermittent operation modes (A: 5 min on and 5 min off, B: 5 min on and 10 min off, C: 10 min on and 5 min off, D: 10 min on and 10 min off) were conducted to determine the best operation mode of spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation. According to the changes of indoor temperature and relative humidity and the variations of temperature-humidity index between the four operation modes, the spraying in the treatment ran intermittently 10 min on and 10 min off between 9:00-12:00 and 16:00-19:00, and 10 min on and 5min off between 12:00-16:00. Meanwhile, the spraying in the control ran intermittently 5 min on and 10 min off between 09:00-19:00. Then, the data of environmental factors, rectal temperature (Tr), lying rate (LR), respiration rate (RR), average daily gain (ADG) and economic benefits were collected. The results showed that, compared with the control barn, the average air temperature was decreased by 2.2℃ (P<0.01) while the relative humidity was increased by 11.3% (P<0.01) in the treatment barn. For the cattle, spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation can reduce its Tr by 0.26℃ (P<0.01) and improve its LR by 12% (P<0.01) than spraying combined with fans in open feedlot barn, but there was no significant difference on its RR. Compared with the cattle in the control barn, the ADG of the cattle in the treatment barn was increased by 0.19 kg/d (P>0.05), and gross profit of the treatment barn was increased by 72.67 Yuan per head per month. In conclusion, the spraying combined with the tunnel negative pressure ventilation in enclosed feedlot barn had a significant effect on improving the environment and the performance of the beef cattle, and it contributed to relieve the heat stress of beef cattle and improve its production performance. |
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| Keywords: | cooling spraying humidity control low pressure negative pressure ventilation enclosed feedlot barn |
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