| 增施生物炭对烤烟生长及产量、质量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 龚丝雨,钟思荣,张世川,聂亚平,梁喜欢,杨帅强,刘齐元.增施生物炭对烤烟生长及产量、质量的影响[J].作物杂志,2018,34(2):154-1730. |
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| 作者姓名： | 龚丝雨 钟思荣 张世川 聂亚平 梁喜欢 杨帅强 刘齐元 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,330045,江西南昌2 浙江财经大学,310018,浙江杭州 |
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| 基金项目： | 江西省烟草专卖局科技项目(201301004);江西省研究生创新专项资金资助项目(YC2015-S188) |
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| 摘 要： | 通过田间试验,设置无机肥（T1）、生物有机肥（T2）、无机肥+生物炭（T3）、生物有机肥+生物炭（T4）4种不同的施肥处理,研究在无机肥和生物有机肥基础上分别增施生物炭对烤烟生长和产质量的影响。结果表明：（1）移栽期至团棵期,T3比T1鲜干重略有增多,T4比T2干重略有降低,但T4比T2鲜重显著降低了13.74%;团棵期至旺长期,T3比T1鲜重降低了6.55%,干重降低了11.87%,差异均显著,T4比T2鲜干重稍有降低;旺长期至打顶期,T4比T2鲜重显著增多了13.12%,T3比T1鲜重显著增多了18.33%,T4比T2及T3比T1的干重都有所提高,但差异均不显著;增施生物炭对烟株生长的影响为前期（旺长期之前）抑制、后期（旺长期之后）显著促进。（2）增施生物炭能够有效扩展烟株中上部烟叶面积,其中对中部烟叶扩展效果显著,T3比T1中、上部叶面积分别增大19.73%、0.90%,T4比T2分别增大9.39%、2.50%。（3）增施生物炭能提高烤前（生育期间）烟叶内部质体色素含量,降低烤后烟叶叶绿素含量和提高类胡萝卜素含量。（4）增施生物炭能显著提高上、中部烟叶的总糖含量,降低烟碱含量,使化学成分更协调,T3比T1上、中部烟叶总糖含量分别提高2.85%、11.85%,T4比T2分别提高1.88%、3.49%;T3比T1上、中部烟碱含量分别降低10.19%、29.61%,T4比T2分别降低16.61%、5.21%。（5）与单施无机肥相比,无机肥配施生物炭可分别使产量、产值、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例、均价提高5.06%、8.79%、8.98%、0.08%、3.58%,生物有机肥配施生物炭与纯施生物有机肥相比可分别提高2.07%、12.28%、10.88%、2.07%、10.00%,其中增施生物炭提高上等烟比例幅度最大。（6）生物炭与生物有机肥配施对烤烟产量和质量的提高效果最佳。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物炭 烤烟 产量 质量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-11-27 |
Effects of Biochar on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco |
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| Siyu Gong,Sirong Zhong,Shichuan Zhang,Yaping Nie,Xihuan Liang,Shuaiqiang Yang,Qiyuan Liu.Effects of Biochar on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Crops,2018,34(2):154-1730. |
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| Authors: | Siyu Gong Sirong Zhong Shichuan Zhang Yaping Nie Xihuan Liang Shuaiqiang Yang Qiyuan Liu |
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| Institution: | 1 College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China2 Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of adding biochar to inorganic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. 4 different fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment: inorganic fertilizer (T1), bio-organic fertilizer (T2), inorganic fertilizer+biochar (T3), bio-organic fertilizer+biochar (T4). The results showed that: (1) The fresh weight of T4 was significantly lower than that of T2 by 13.74%. From rosette stage to vigorous growing stage, compared with T1, the fresh weight of T3 decreased by 6.55% and the dry weight decreased by 11.87%, at significant level. From vigorous growing stage to topping stage, the fresh weight of T4 was 13.12% more than T2 and the T3 was 18.33% more than T1, the differences were both significant. The application of biochar could inhibit the early growth of tobacco and promote their later growth. (2) Adding biochar could effectively increase the upper and middle leaves area. In the middle and upper leaves, the area of T3 increased by 19.73% and 0.90% when compared with T1, T4 increased by 9.39% and 2.50% when compared with T2, respectively. (3) The application of biochar could increase the content of plastid pigment in tobacco leaves before baking (during growth), reduce the content of chlorophyll and increased carotenoid content in cured tobacco leaves. (4) Adding biochar could significantly increase the total sugar content of upper and middle leaves, reduce the nicotine content, and make the chemical composition more harmonious. In the upper and middle tobacco leaves, the total sugar content of T3 increased by 2.85% and 11.85% when compared with T1, T4 increased by 1.88% and 3.49% when compared with T2, respectively. Meanwhile, the nicotine content of T3 reduced by 10.19% and 29.61% when compared with T1, T4 reduced by 16.61% and 5.21% when compared with T2, respectively. (5) Compared with inorganic fertilizer, the application of inorganic fertilizer combined with biochar could increase yield, output value, fine tobacco ratio, medium and fine tobacco ratio and the average price by 5.06%, 8.79%, 8.98%, 0.08% and 3.58% respectively. Compared with bio-organic fertilizer, the application of bio-organic fertilizer combined with biochar could increase by 2.07%, 12.28%, 10.88%, 2.07%, 10.00% respectively. The increase in the fine tobacco by adding biochar was the largest. (6) Biochar combined with bio-organic fertilizer had the best effects on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. |
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| Keywords: | Biochar Flue-cured tobacco Yield Quality |
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