| 育秧播种密度与取秧面积耦合对杂交稻机插质量和产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李泽华,马旭,陈林涛,李宏伟,黄益强,黎俊荣,罗国武,姚俊豪.育秧播种密度与取秧面积耦合对杂交稻机插质量和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(24):20-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李泽华 马旭 陈林涛 李宏伟 黄益强 黎俊荣 罗国武 姚俊豪 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华南农业大学数学与信息学院，广州 510642；,2.华南农业大学工程学院，广州 510642；,2.华南农业大学工程学院，广州 510642；,2.华南农业大学工程学院，广州 510642；,3.肇庆市农业科学研究所，肇庆，526070；,3.肇庆市农业科学研究所，肇庆，526070；,4.广东省农业机械化技术推广总站，广州 510515,4.广东省农业机械化技术推广总站，广州 510515 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0700703）；国家自然科学基金项目（51675188）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目（CARS-01-43） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探索杂交稻机械化种植方法,根据杂交稻少本稀植的农艺要求,该文对不同育秧播种密度与插秧机取秧面积耦合栽插的质量和产量进行研究,于2017年和2018年在广东省江门市、肇庆市和汕头市进行不同育秧播种密度(30～90 g/盘)和取秧面积耦合栽插对比试验,分析了耦合栽插对栽插质量、根系损伤率和发根力的影响;以钵体苗人工手插为对照,开展不同育秧播种密度与取秧面积耦合栽插的大田生产试验,分析了杂交稻毯状苗不同育秧播种密度耦合栽插方式的产量表现及其特征。结果表明:1)现有技术条件下,基于育秧播种密度与取秧面积耦合栽插方法可实现不同育秧播种密度下较高质量的栽插,1～3株/穴的比例介于80.67%～95.33%之间,1～4株/穴的比例超过90.67%;育秧床土对栽插质量有较大影响,采用基质育秧或"基质+旱地土"育秧,当育秧播种密度超过50 g/盘时,漏插率为3.50%～6.38%,平均为5.11%,基本满足杂交稻机插农艺要求。2)不同育秧播种密度耦合栽插方式的根系损伤率为15.37%～31.16%;当育秧播种密度大于40 g/盘时,根系损伤率随育秧播种密度的增加而增大;发根力与根系损伤率之间呈负相关关系,相关系数为-0.949 3;当育秧播种密度差异不超过10 g/盘时,发根力没有显著差异,当育秧播种密度差异超过20 g/盘,发根力的差异达到显著水平。3)不同耦合栽插方式中,50 g/盘机插的单产最高;从产量角度看,不同耦合栽插方式及对照的产量规律为:50 g/盘机插钵苗手插60 g/盘机插70 g/盘机插或90 g/盘机插;与各品种的区试产量表现比较发现,不同耦合栽插方式的实际产量都未达到区试产量,其原因是单位面积有效穗数和结实率都不及区试中的表现,但穗长达到或略超过区试中的表现。研究结果对攻克杂交稻机械化种植难题具有参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 机械化 播种密度 取秧面积 根系损伤 产量 杂交稻 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/9/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/10/9 0:00:00 |
Effects of coupling of nursing seedling densities and seedling fetching area on transplanting quality and yield of hybrid rice |
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| Li Zehu,Ma Xu,Chen Lintao,Li Hongwei,Huang Yiqiang,Li Junrong,Luo Guowu and Yao Junhao.Effects of coupling of nursing seedling densities and seedling fetching area on transplanting quality and yield of hybrid rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(24):20-30. |
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| Authors: | Li Zehu Ma Xu Chen Lintao Li Hongwei Huang Yiqiang Li Junrong Luo Guowu and Yao Junhao |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Mathematic and Information, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;,2.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;,2.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;,2.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;,3.Zhaoqing Institute of Agricultural Science, Zhaoqing 526070, China;,3.Zhaoqing Institute of Agricultural Science, Zhaoqing 526070, China;,4.General Station of Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension in Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510500, China and 4.General Station of Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension in Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510500, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Mechanical transplanting of hybrid rice is a difficult problem in rice production mechanization. In order to solve this problem, a new mechanized transplanting method of coupling nursing seedling density and seedling fetching area for hybrid rice is proposed according to the agronomic requirements for mechanical transplanting technology of hybrid rice. The comparison tests of different coupling transplanting methods with different nursing seedling densities are arranged in Jiangmen City, Zhaoqing City and Shantou City of Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018. The influence of coupling transplanting methods for transplanting quality, root damage rate and rooting ability are analyzed. Based on field production comparison tests, the yield and its characteristics of hybrid rice coupling transplanting with different nursing seedling densities are investigated. The results show that: 1) Under the existing technical conditions, the transplanting quality of coupling transplanting methods under different nursing seedling densities is good. The proportion of 1-3 plants per hole is between 80.67% and 95.33%, and the proportion of 1-4 plants per hole is more than 90.67%. The seed bed soil type is an important factor in seedlings and transplanting quality. When the nursing seedling density exceeds 50 g/tray, the missing plant rate is 3.50%-6.38%, with an average of 5.11%, which basically meets the agronomic requirements of hybrid rice mechanical transplanting. 2) The root damage rate of coupling transplanting with different nursing seedling densities is 15.37%-31.16%. When the nursing seedling density is higher than 40 g/tray, the root damage rate is increased with the increase of the nursing seedling density. There is a negative correlation between rooting ability and root damage rate, and the correlation coefficient is -0.949 3. When the difference of nursing seedling density is no more than 10 g/tray, there is no significant difference of rooting ability. When the difference of nursing seedling density is more than 20 g/tray, the difference of rooting ability reaches a significant level. 3) For the different coupling transplanting methods, the yield of 50 g/tray mechanized transplanting is the highest, the rules of yield of different coupling transplanting methods are as follows: 50 g/tray mechanized transplanting >transplanting by hand of pot seedling >60 g/tray mechanized transplanting >70 g/tray mechanized transplanting or 90 g/tray mechanized transplanting. It is found that the actual yield of different coupling transplanting methods did not reach the yield of variety zone test. The yield performance is that the panicle number per unite area and filled-grain percentage of mechanical coupling transplanting methods are less than that of variety zone test, but the panicle length is reached or slightly exceeded that of variety zone test. The research conclusions have important reference value to overcome the problem of hybrid rice mechanized transplanting. |
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| Keywords: | rice mechanization nursing seedling density seedling fetching area root damage yield hybrid rice |
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