| 施肥对贵州直播油菜产量和养分吸收的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张 萌,王 寅,任 涛,李小坤,李继福,丛日环,陈正刚,朱 青,鲁剑巍.施肥对贵州直播油菜产量和养分吸收的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(3):369. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张 萌 王 寅 任 涛 李小坤 李继福 丛日环 陈正刚 朱 青 鲁剑巍 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院，农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室，湖北 武汉，430070；2.贵州省土壤肥料研究所，贵州 贵阳，550006 |
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| 基金项目： | “十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目（2010BAD01B05）；国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-13）；长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT1247）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2012QC045） |
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| 摘 要： | 2011-2012年于贵州省油菜主产区设置直播油菜氮磷钾硼肥田间试验，以推广品种油研599为材料，研究施肥对产量、养分累积量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响，以期明确当地（典型的南方水稻土）的养分限制因子，为该地区直播油菜的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明，与不施肥相比，施肥提高了直播油菜的产量，各处理中以NPKB处理的产量最高，平均为2 189kg/hm2。缺氮、缺磷、缺钾和缺硼处理相比NPKB处理分别减产961、342、295和184kg/hm2，表明该地区直播油菜的养分限制因子依次为N > P > K > B。与当地农民习惯施肥（FFP）相比，NPKB处理增加了施肥量，产量明显提升，平均增产430kg/hm2；养分累积量和肥料利用率也均有明显提高，氮、磷、钾分别增加28.6kg/hm2和13.5%、9.6kg/hm2和3.3%、71.4kg/hm2和23.9%。从经济效益看，NPKB处理相比FFP处理收益平均增加1 109元/hm2。肥料合理配施可以明显提高直播油菜产量、养分累积和经济效益，在当前贵州省直播油菜的生产中，应积极推行合理的平衡施用技术和科学的施肥方法，从而达到高产、高效、高收益的目的。
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| 关 键 词： | 直播油菜 施肥 产量 养分累积 肥料利用率 经济效益 |
Effects of fertilization on yield and nutrient uptake of direct-sowing oilseed rape in Guizhou Province |
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| ZHANG Meng,WANG Yin,REN Tao,LI Xiao-kun,LI Ji-fu,CONG Ri-huan,CHEN Zheng-gang,ZHU Qing,LU Jian-wei.Effects of fertilization on yield and nutrient uptake of direct-sowing oilseed rape in Guizhou Province[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2014,36(3):369. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Meng WANG Yin REN Tao LI Xiao-kun LI Ji-fu CONG Ri-huan CHEN Zheng-gang ZHU Qing LU Jian-wei |
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| Abstract: | To investigate the nutrient limiting factors for a practical fertilization proposal on direct-sowing oilseed rape in Guizhou Province, fertilization field experiments were conducted using cultivar Youyan 599 (Brassica napus L.) in main rapeseed planting area of Guizhou during 2011-2012. Results showed that compared to no fertilization treatment (CK), seed yield of direct-sowing oilseed rape significantly increased when fertilizers were applied. Among them, NPKB treatment had the best performance with the average yield of 2 189 kg/hm2. While compared to NPKB treatment, yield outputs decreased to 961, 342, 295 and 184 kg/hm2 in PKB (without N), NKB (without P), NPB (without K), and NPK (without B) treatments, respectively. It indicated that the nutrient limiting factors were ranked as N > P > K > B. Compared to farmers’ fertilization practices (FFP) treatment, NPKB treatment increased the application rate, but the production was improved significantly by 430 kg/hm2. Nutrient accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency were also significantly improved. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation (and corresponding fertilizer efficiency) increased 28.6kg/hm2 (13.5%), 9.6kg/hm2 (3.3%), 71.4 kg/hm2 (23.9%) compared to FFP . As for economic profits, the revenue of NPKB treatment was increased by 1 109 yuan/hm2 compared to FFP. It suggested that the yield, nutrients accumulation and profits could be significantly improved by a combination of balanced fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | Direct-sowing oilseed rape Fertilization Yield Nutrients accumulation Fertilizer use efficiency Profits |
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