| 1980-2010年中国和印度农田化肥氮源氧化亚氮排放的比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋光福,张稳,李昕,孙文娟.1980-2010年中国和印度农田化肥氮源氧化亚氮排放的比较[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1807-1815. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋光福 张稳 李昕 孙文娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室，北京 100093; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049;2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京,100029;3. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京,100093 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA05020205）；国家自然科学基金项目（41573069，31370492） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用排放因子方法估算了1980—2010年中国和印度小麦、玉米和水稻农田化肥氮源 N2O 直接排放量，并进一步分析了两国农田 N2O 排放的时间变化和空间差异。结果表明：中国1980—2010年小麦、玉米、水稻田的单位面积 N2O 直接排放量平均值分别为1.75、1.60、0.42 kg N2O-N·hm-2·a-1，分别为印度的1.3、2.4、2.0倍。中国小麦、玉米农田单位面积 N2O 排放量较高的地区主要集中在东南和南部，西部和北部排放较低，而印度小麦、玉米农田单位面积排放量高的区域则集中在东部及西南沿海。三十年间，中印两国三种作物 N2O 直接排放量平均值分别为98.6、47.8 Gg N2O-N。中国小麦和玉米田 N2O 排放量占三种作物排放总量的近90%，而印度农田 N2O 排放则主要来自小麦田，约占70%。两国三种作物 N2O 直接排放量随时间呈显著增加趋势，增加速率均表现为小麦田﹥玉米田﹥水稻田。中国三种作物 N2O 排放总量的年均增加速率为3.7%，低于印度的10.4%。虽然中国三种作物单位面积 N2O直接排放量和排放总量高于印度，但排放强度（单位产量的 N2O-N 排放量）及其增加速率均低于印度。
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| 关 键 词： | N2O 排放 小麦 玉米 水稻 中国 印度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/1/30 0:00:00 |
Comparison of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emissions from croplands between China and India during 1980-2010 |
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| JIANG Guang-fu,ZHANG Wen,LI Xin and SUN Wen-juan.Comparison of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emissions from croplands between China and India during 1980-2010[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science( J. Agro-Environ. Sci.),2016,35(9):1807-1815. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Guang-fu ZHANG Wen LI Xin and SUN Wen-juan |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China |
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| Abstract: | Synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct N2O emissions from wheat, maize, and rice fields in China and India during 1980 to 2010 were estimated using a precipitation-rectified N2O emission factor. A comparison of temporal and spatial variations of the estimated N2O emissions was made between two countries. Results indicated that the direct N2O emission fluxes in China were averaged 1.75 kg N2O-N·hm-2·a-1 for wheat, 1.60 kg N2O-N·hm-2·a-1 for maize, and 0.42 kg N2O-N·hm-2·a-1 for rice over the 30-year period, which were respectively 1.3-, 2.4- and 2.0- times that in India. The spatial distribution of the N2O emissions from wheat and maize fields was characterized by higher fluxes in southeast and south China than in west and north China. By contrast, the east and southwest India showed higher N2O emission fluxes than other areas. The averages of the direct N2O emissions were 98.6 Gg N2O-N in China and 47.8 Gg N2O-N in India over the 30-year period. Wheat and maize fields contributed approximate 90% to the total emissions from these three crops in China, while wheat field accounted for about 70% of the total emissions in India. Over the period 1980-2000, the direct N2O emissions in both countries increased, with the increasing rate in order of wheat > maize > rice. The annual increasing rate was 3.7% for these three crops in China, much lower than that in India(10.4%). A further investigation indicated that the emission intensity(N2O emission per unit crop yield) and its increase rate in China were lower than those in India, though the direct N2O emissions were higher in China than in India. |
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| Keywords: | N2O emissions wheat maize rice China India |
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