| 犁鼻器的结构和功能 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴民耀,张凡,王宏元.犁鼻器的结构和功能[J].动物医学进展,2012(1):111-114. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴民耀 张凡 王宏元 |
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| 作者单位： | 陕西师范大学生命科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省自然科学基金项目(SJ08C101) |
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| 摘 要： | 大多数陆生脊椎动物的鼻腔都有两套化学感受器,即嗅器和犁鼻器。犁鼻器(vomeronasal organ)是临近犁鼻骨的一对盲囊,被覆发达的犁鼻上皮。嗅器主要接受挥发性的小分子物质;犁鼻器主要感受非挥发性的大分子化学物质,如信息素等。犁鼻器在脊椎动物的演化过程中差异明显。鱼类、鳄鱼、鸟类及大多数的蝙蝠和海洋哺乳动物均无犁鼻器;两栖类开始出现犁鼻器;有鳞类和啮齿类的犁鼻器非常发达,且成为一个独立器官。目前,犁鼻器的功能是对陆生环境的特异适应还是对水生环境的适应,仍存在争议。犁鼻器的发生及其功能的研究对于探讨脊椎动物由水生到陆生过程中嗅觉系统的适应进化意义重大。
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| 关 键 词： | 犁鼻器 脊椎动物 组织结构 功能 系统进化 |
Structure and Function of Vomeronasal Organ |
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| WU Min-yao,ZHANG Fan,WANG Hong-yuan.Structure and Function of Vomeronasal Organ[J].Progress In Veterinary Medicine,2012(1):111-114. |
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| Authors: | WU Min-yao ZHANG Fan WANG Hong-yuan |
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| Institution: | (College of Life Science,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710062,China) |
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| Abstract: | The olfactory organ is subdivided into the main olfactory organ and the vomeronasal organ in tetrapods.The vomeronasal organ,is an accessory olfactory organ that is found in many animals.The vomeronasal organ is cartilaginous capsules near the vomers and covers with the vomeronasal epithelium.The main olfactory organ mainly samples volatile substances,while the vomeronasal organ may be specialized for detecting non-volatile substances,such as pheromones.Nearly all vertebrates possess an olfactory organ.However,the presence or absence of the vomeronasal organ varies among vertebrates.The vomeronasal organ is present in tetrapods but is absent in fish,and among tetrapods is vestigial or absent in crocodilians,birds,most bats,and marine mammals.The vomeronasal organ is firstly present in amphibians.In snakes or rodents,the vomeronasal organ is very developed and becomes an independent organ.There is a considerable controversy that the vomeronasal organ is a water sampling or an air sampling organ.The origin and function of the vomeronasal organ has significant value for understanding the adaptation of the olfactory system during the transition from an aquatic to terrestrial life. |
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| Keywords: | vomeronasal organ vertebrate histological structure function phylogeny |
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