| 黄河中游中等流域切沟空间分异规律研究 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张春妹 董亚维 王春梅 杨勤科 庞国伟 王雷 龙永清 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北大学城市与环境学院, 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室, 西安 710127;旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 西安 710048;黄河流域水土保持生态环境监测中心, 西安 710021 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41977062）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1500600） |
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| 摘 要： | 水土流失综合治理是黄河中游地区在高质量发展中面临的重要挑战，其中切沟侵蚀是产沙量最大的土壤侵蚀类型之一，严重破坏耕地土壤肥力，对农业生产危害极大。本研究针对黄土高原中等流域切沟空间分布问题，以陕北岔巴沟流域为例，基于2020年高分辨率无人机影像，选取32个小流域，结合野外实测，对切沟空间分布规律进行研究。结果表明：岔巴沟流域中游切沟最多，切沟长度密度主要集中在7~11 km·km2，切沟长度主要在50 m以内，切沟面积主要在500 m2以内；古代沟谷长度密度与切沟长度密度无显著相关性；切沟密度与坡面坡度、流域坡度、流域坡长等呈显著正相关，与正负地形面积比和流域海拔呈显著负相关，切沟在阴坡的分布密度略大于阳坡。研究结果可明确黄土高原中等流域尺度切沟形态特征及其分布规律，为切沟侵蚀治理及耕地保护提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 无人机影像，切沟，岔巴沟流域，地形因子 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/31 0:00:00 |
Study on the spatial differentiation patterns of gullies in the middle scale watershed of the middle reaches of Yellow River |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Chunmei DONG Yawei WANG Chunmei YANG Qinke PANG Guowei WANG Lei LONG Yongqing |
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| Institution: | College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'' an 710127, China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xi'' an 710048, China;Yellow River Basin Water and Soil Conservation Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Xi''an 710021, China |
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| Abstract: | Integrated soil management and water loss are important challenges faced by the middle reaches of the Yellow River with regard to high-quality development, and gully erosion is one of the soil erosion types with the largest sediment yield; it severely damages the soil fertility of farmland and is extremely harmful to agricultural production. This study focused on the gully spatial distribution issue in the middle scale of watershed on the Loess Plateau, using Chabagou watershed of northern Shaanxi Province as a case study, based on highresolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images from 2020. Thirty-two small watersheds were selected, combined with field measurements, to study the spatial distribution patterns of gullies. The results showed that gullies in Chabagou watershed were at its most in the middle reaches; the gully length density was mainly centered around 7-11 km·km-2, the gully length was mainly within 50 m, and its area was mainly within 500 m2. There was no significant correlation between ancient valley length density and gully length density. Gully density was significantly positively correlated with slope gradient above the shoulder-line, watershed gradient, and length and was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of positive and negative topographic area and watershed elevation. The distribution density of gullies in shady slopes was slightly higher than that in sunny slopes. This study clarifies the morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of gullies in the medium watershed scale on the Loess Plateau; thus, providing theoretical basis for gully erosion control and cultivated land protection. |
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| Keywords: | unmanned aerial vehicle image gully Chabagou watershed topographic index |
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