| 冬油菜替代种植技术对华北典型镉铅污染农田适用性研究 |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹柳 何孟轲 杨俊兴 郑国砥 郭俊娒 孟晓飞 李玉峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 济源市环境科学研究和宣传教育中心, 河南 济源 459000;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 山西 晋中 030600 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研究发展计划项目（2018YFC1802604）；国家自然科学基金项目（41771509，41907125）；人才培养质量建设-高水平人才交叉培养计划-实培计划项目（PXM2020_014207_000009） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究冬油菜替代种植技术在我国华北地区镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)污染农田土壤中的适用性特征，本研究在河南省济源市Cd、Pb污染农田开展田间试验，选用冬油菜(Brassica napus)秦油1号和三月黄为供试植物，在不同大气沉降和土壤污染程度条件下研究两种供试油菜不同部位中Cd、Pb含量及富集量，油菜对土壤中Cd、Pb的去除率，以及菜籽油和饼粕中Cd、Pb含量。结果表明，秦油1号油菜生物量普遍高于三月黄。三月黄油菜对Cd富集量较高，达9.469 g·hm-2，秦油1号对Pb富集量较高，达53.856 g·hm-2，整体上两种油菜对土壤中Cd的去除率(0.081%～0.843%)高于对Pb的去除率(0.000 6%～0.074 3%)。在大气沉降程度较低但土壤污染严重的试验区，两种油菜吸收的Cd均集中在茎部，Pb集中在根部；而在大气沉降程度较高的试验区，不同的土壤污染程度下，油菜将吸收的Cd、Pb更多富集在荚部。在常规物理压榨和丁烷低温萃取两种不同制油工艺处理下，菜籽毛油和饼粕中Cd、Pb含量均较低，符合国家相关标准，菜籽油可安全食用，油菜饼粕可作...
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| 关 键 词： | 镉 铅 污染农田土壤 油菜 替代种植 富集 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/4/21 0:00:00 |
Study on the applicability of winter rape alternative planting technologies on cadmium and lead polluted farmland soil in north China |
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| Authors: | CAO Liu HE Mengke YANG Junxing ZHENG Guodi GUO Junmei MENG Xiaofei LI Yufeng |
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| Institution: | Center for Publicity and Education, Environmental Science Research, Jiyuan of Henan Province, Jiyuan 459000, China;Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China |
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| Abstract: | Field experiments were carried out in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminated soil in Jiyuan City, Henan Province to explore the applicability of winter rape alternative planting technologies in Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmland soils in north China. Winter rape (Brassica napus) Qinyou-1 (QY-1) and Sanyuehuang (SYH) were selected as the test plants. The Cd and Pb contents in different parts of the rape, the enrichment amount, the removal efficiency, and the Cd and Pb content in the rapeseed oil and meal were determined in the experiment. Results showed that the biomass of the rape in QY-1 was generally higher than that in SYH. The enrichment of Cd was higher in SYH up to 9.469 g·hm-2, and the enrichment of Pb in QY-1 was higher up to 53.856 g·hm-2. The removal efficiency of Cd (0.081%- 0.843%) of the two rapes was overall higher than that of Pb (0.000 6%-0.074 3%). In the experimental area with low atmospheric deposition but severe soil pollution, the Cd absorbed by the two rape cultivars was concentrated in the stem, while Pb was concentrated in the root. In the experimental area with higher atmospheric deposition, the Cd and Pb absorbed were more enriched in the pod of the rape, although the degree of soil pollution was different. The experiment used conventional physical pressing technology and the low temperature extraction technology of butane. Under the two different oil-making processes, the Cd and Pb contents in the rapeseed crude oil and meal were lower, which met the relevant national standard limits. The rapeseed oil can enter the market for safe sale and consumption and the rapeseed meal can be used as feed or organic fertilizer. In conclusion, the alternative planting method of using rape for restoration, production, and efficiency enhancement in heavy metal-contaminated soils in northern China has strong applicability and a high application value. |
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| Keywords: | cadmium lead contaminated farmland soil rape alternative planting enrichment |
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