| 控释氮肥施用策略对稻茬小麦产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖治林,王 琛,张 瑛,景文疆,张伟杨,顾骏飞,刘立军,王志琴,杨建昌,张 耗.控释氮肥施用策略对稻茬小麦产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2024(4):472-484. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖治林 王 琛 张 瑛 景文疆 张伟杨 顾骏飞 刘立军 王志琴 杨建昌 张 耗 |
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| 作者单位： | （扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2300304）；江苏省六大人才高峰高层次人才项目（SWYY-151)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究控释氮肥施用策略对稻茬小麦产量和氮肥吸收利用的影响，在大田条件下，以小麦品种扬麦16和扬麦20为材料，设置不施氮（T1）、常规速效氮肥分次施用（T2，对照）、常规控释氮肥一次性基施（T3）、速效氮肥减量分次施用（T4）、控释氮肥减量一次性基施（T5）、控释+速效氮肥一次性基施（T6）、控释+速效氮肥配合分次施用（T7）共7种氮肥处理，比较分析了不同处理下稻茬小麦产量、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素相对值（SPAD值）、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、根系吸收面积和根系氧化力等性状的差异。结果表明，两个品种的产量均表现为T6>T7>T3>T5>T2>T4>T1。与T2处理相比，两个品种的平均产量在T3、T6和T7处理下分别增加17.9%、30.3%和25.1%，平均氮肥农学效率（AE）分别增加40.0%、84.8%和72.4%，平均氮肥偏生产力（PFP）分别增加22.2%、52.3%和45.6%。与单一施用速效氮肥（T2、T4）或控释氮肥（T3、T5）处理相比，在控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施（T6、T7）处理下两个品种的地上部农艺性状（干物质积累量、LAI和SPAD值）显著改善，氮素积累量、根干重、根冠比、根系氧化力、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积均显著增加。因此，控释氮肥配施速效氮肥策略可以同步促进稻茬小麦地上部与地下部生长，最终实现高产与氮肥高效吸收利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 产量 控释氮肥 速效氮肥 根系特性 |
Effect of Controlled-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Strategy on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Wheat Following Rice Stubble |
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| XIAO Zhilin,WANG Chen,ZHANG Ying,JING Wenjiang,ZHANG Weiyang,GU Junfei,LIU Lijun,WANG Zhiqin,YANG Jianchang,ZHANG Hao.Effect of Controlled-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Strategy on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Wheat Following Rice Stubble[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2024(4):472-484. |
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| Authors: | XIAO Zhilin WANG Chen ZHANG Ying JING Wenjiang ZHANG Weiyang GU Junfei LIU Lijun WANG Zhiqin YANG Jianchang ZHANG Hao |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the effects of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer application strategies on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat following rice, a field experiment was conducted with the wheat varieties Yangmai 16 and Yangmai 20 as materials. Seven nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up, including zero nitrogen(T1), split application of normal available nitrogen fertilizer(T2, control), one-time basal application of normal controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer(T3), split application of available nitrogen fertilizer reduction(T4), one-time basal application of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer reduction(T5), controlled-released nitrogen plus available nitrogen once application(T6), controlled-released nitrogen plus available nitrogen stage application(T7). The wheat yield, leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll relative value(SPAD value), dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and root activity were measured. The results showed that the the yield under the treatments for both the two varieties ranked as T6>T7>T3>T5>T2>T4>T1. Compared with T2, the average yield of the two varieties was increased by 17.9%, 30.3%, and 25.1% under T3, T6, and T7 treatments; the nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AE) was increased by 40.0%, 84.8%, and 72.4%, and the N partial factor productivity(PFP) was increased by 22.2%, 52.3%, and 45.6%, respectively. Compared with the single application of available nitrogen fertilizer(T2, T4) or controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer(T3, T5), the agronomic characteristics(dry matter accumulation, LAI and SPAD value) of the two varieties were significantly improved under the combined application of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer plus available nitrogen fertilizer(T6, T7). Nitrogen accumulation, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root oxidation activity, root total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area were significantly increased. Therefore, the strategy of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer plus available nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the growth of shoots and roots simultaneously, ultimately resulting in higher yield and greater N uptake and utilization efficiency of wheat after rice stubble. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat Yield Controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer Available nitrogen fertilizer Root characteristics |
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