| 华北平原不同种植制度对粮食作物氮素利用和土壤氮库的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 吉艳芝,徐明杰,巨晓棠,董娴娴,张丽娟.华北平原不同种植制度对粮食作物氮素利用和土壤氮库的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(19):86-96. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 吉艳芝 徐明杰 巨晓棠 董娴娴 张丽娟 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定 071000;迁安京安大华检测站,迁安 064400;中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;河北华清环境科技集团股份有限公司,石家庄 050011;河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定 071000;河北农业大学邸洪杰土壤与环境实验室,保定 071000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0300905） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟是华北平原粮食作物的主要种植制度，存在氮肥利用率低、土壤氮素过量累积问题。为探索华北平原氮素高效利用的适宜种植制度，采用15N示踪技术，基于3 a田间定位试验，对一年两熟冬小麦-夏玉米的常规水氮和优化水氮、两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米与冬小麦-夏大豆-春玉米及一年一熟春玉米3种种植制度的作物产量、15N利用率、氮素去向和土壤氮库表观平衡进行研究。结果表明，两年三熟的冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米产量为32 248.52 kg/hm2，分别比一年两熟和一年一熟提高22.16%和52.88%；15N利用率为33.36%，比一年一熟提高26.12%。3种植制度的氮肥去向最高为土壤残留，其次为作物吸收和损失，两年三熟冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米的作物吸氮量最高为151.82 kg/hm2，土壤氮库表观盈余量为21.22 kg/hm2，显著低于其他种植制度。综合分析，冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米两年三熟在稳产高产和提高氮素利用率上具有可持续的潜力，是华北平原未来较为理想的种植制度。
|
| 关 键 词： | 作物 土壤 氮 种植制度 华北平原 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/3/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/11 0:00:00 |
Effects of different cropping systems on food crop nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen pool in North China Plain |
| |
| Ji Yanzhi,Xu Mingjie,Ju Xiaotang,Dong Xianxian,Zhang Lijuan.Effects of different cropping systems on food crop nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen pool in North China Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(19):86-96. |
| |
| Authors: | Ji Yanzhi Xu Mingjie Ju Xiaotang Dong Xianxian Zhang Lijuan |
| |
| Institution: | 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;;4. Qianan Jingan Dahua testing station, Qianan 064400, China;;3.College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;;5. Hebei Huaqing Environmental Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050011, China;; 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; 2. Hongjie Di Soil and Environment Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; |
| |
| Abstract: | Water and fertilizer utilization efficiency are subject to the planting system. Winter wheat-summer maize double cropping is an important rotation system mainly practiced in the North China Plain, low fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and excessive accumulation of soil nitrogen in the rotation system. A three-year field experiment was conducted from October 2010 to October 2013 in North China Plain. To explore the suitable planting system for efficient utilization of nitrogen in north China plain, the 15N tracer technology was used as a quantitative method to study the crop yield, 15N utilization rate, nitrogen destination and soil nitrogen pool apparent equilibrium under the three planting system of double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional and optimized water and nitrogen management, three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize rotation or winter wheat-summer soybean-spring maize rotation, and one crop per year of spring maize. The results showed that the yield of three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize was 32 248.52 kg/hm2, which was 22.16% and 52.88% higher than that of two crops and one crop in one year. The utilization rate of 15N was 33.36%, which was 26.12% higher than that of one harvest a year. The contribution rate and transference of nitrogen in a two-year triple cropping system was greater than double cropping, the amount of nitrogen transfer of four crops was showed that soil nitrogen higher than that of fertilizer nitrogen. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the three cropping systems was soil residue, followed by crop absorption and loss, the ratio of crop absorption, soil residue and loss in double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was about 2:6:2, the ratio in a crop per year of spring maize treatment was 3: 6:1, and the ratio in others treatments was about 3:5:2. The maximum amount of nitrogen absorption of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize was 151.82 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than the other two planting systems. Soil nitrogen residue in double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was 348.44 kg/hm2. It was the highest level in all of the systems. The 15N abundance of double-crop rotation system appeared the maximum peak at 0-60 cm, the nitrate nitrogen content was 71.96 mg/kg, and the 15N abundance of other cropping systems was small from top to bottom; the apparent surplus of soil nitrogen pool of double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was 252.61 kg/hm2, and the apparent surplus of soil nitrogen pool of wheat-summer maize-spring maize rotation system was the lowest, only 21.22 kg /hm2. The yield of spring maize as a succeeding crop was 4 855.74-6 962.42kg/hm2 higher than that in summer maize after a rotation period. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis showed the three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize and spring maize had the potential of sustainability in the stable yield and high yield, and the improvement of nitrogen utilization rate, which would be an ideal planting system for the north China plain in the future. |
| |
| Keywords: | crop soil nitrogen cropping system North China Plain |
| 本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
