| 北方夏玉米滴灌施肥一体化技术应用效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜君,杨占平,魏义长,杨竹青,雷宏军,张运红,和爱玲.北方夏玉米滴灌施肥一体化技术应用效果[J].核农学报,2020,34(3):621-628. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜君 杨占平 魏义长 杨竹青 雷宏军 张运红 和爱玲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002; 2 华北水利水电大学测绘与地理信息学院,河南 郑州 450046; 3 河南省渑池县陈村乡农业服务中心, 河南 渑池 472433 |
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| 基金项目： | 河南省科技开放合作项目;国家重点研发计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 为有效提高夏玉米水肥利用效率,通过田间试验对滴灌施肥一体化高效调控与利用技术进行系统的探究。结果表明,与常规漫灌(T1)相比,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术(T2和T3)可显著提高夏玉米大喇叭口期至灌浆期的叶面积指数;显著促进吐丝期至成熟期的干物质积累;在产量构成因素方面显著增加穗粗和穗粒数,并在一定程度上降低玉米穗的秃顶长度,进而显著提高夏玉米的产量。与T1相比,T2和T3增产5.32%~6.13%;水分利用效率提高36.10%~39.42%;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别提高37.56%~35.29%、23.09%~30.30%、106.21%~121.51%。此外,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术可显著提高夏玉米生产经济效益。与T1相比,T2和T3可有效降低投产比,收益率平均提高4.71个百分点。在化肥用量较常规灌溉模式减少20%条件下,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术既能显著提高夏玉米产量,又能提高经济效益,是适宜在潮土区推广的一种高效节本增收的灌溉模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 滴灌施肥一体化 产量 水肥利用效率 经济效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-06-14 |
Application Effect of Integrated Drip Irrigation and Fertilization Technology for Summer Maize in Northern China |
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| DU Jun,YANG Zhanping,WEI Yichang,YANG Zhuqing,LEI Hongjun,ZHANG Yunhong,HE Ailing.Application Effect of Integrated Drip Irrigation and Fertilization Technology for Summer Maize in Northern China[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2020,34(3):621-628. |
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| Authors: | DU Jun YANG Zhanping WEI Yichang YANG Zhuqing LEI Hongjun ZHANG Yunhong HE Ailing |
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| Institution: | 1 Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002; 2 School of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046; 3 Agricultural Service Center of Chencun Tewnship, Mianchi, Henan 472433 |
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| Abstract: | To effectively improve crop water and nutrient use efficiencies under summer maize cropping system, the integrated drip fertigation technology was explored in Northern China. Results show that, compared with control treatment of flooding irrigation, the drip fertigation treatments significantly increase crop leaf area index during big bell stage and filling stage, improving the aboveground dry matter, ear diameter and number of grains per ear from silking stage to maturity stage, reducing the length of bald top of ear of summer maize to some extent, and thus significantly enhances crop yield by 5.32%~6.13%. Meanwhile, the crop water use efficiency in drip fertigation increases by 36.10%~39.42%, nitrogen use efficiency increasing by 37.56%~35.29%, phosphorus use efficiency increases by 23.09%~30.30%, potassium use efficiency enhancing by 106.21%~121.51% in contrast with flooding irrigation. The drip fertigation not only apparently increase the crop yield, but also improve the economic benefits of maize production. Compared with flooding irrigation, the drip fertigation effectively reduces the input-output ratio, in addition, it improves economic return rate by 4.71 percentage points averagely. Therefore, it is feasible to use drip fertigation on summer maize in Chao soil in Northern China, which can improve the economic benefits while increasing crop yield under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction by 20%. |
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| Keywords: | summer maize integrated drip irrigation and fertilization yield water and fertilizer use efficiency economic benefits |
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