| 雨强和坡度对黄土坡面土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张 梦,李冬杰,周 玥.雨强和坡度对黄土坡面土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):85-90. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张 梦 李冬杰 周 玥 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京林业大学水土保持学院;北京金水信息技术发展有限公司; |
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| 摘 要： | 采用人工模拟降雨的手段,在2种雨强(50,75mm/h)、4种坡度(5°,10°,15°,20°)条件下,研究了雨强和坡度对黄土坡面土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响。结果表明:(1)降雨强度从50mm/h增大到75mm/h,相同坡度的坡面开始产流时间提前了2.75~4.79min。(2)随着雨强的增大,同一坡度的坡面径流量增加了12.53~15.80mm/m2,增加幅度为1.24~1.31倍;同一坡度的坡面产沙量增加了0.47~3.61kg/m2,增加幅度为0.77~2.90倍。坡面侵蚀过程中,存在临界坡度,为15°左右。(3)氮素流失以径流流失为主,泥沙中总氮的流失量较低,仅占径流总氮流失量的1.4%~9.7%。坡度较小时,磷素流失途径以径流流失为主,随着坡度的增加,磷素的流失途径以泥沙流失为主。(4)径流总氮流失浓度与径流强度呈线性正相关,泥沙总氮和总磷流失浓度与产沙率也分别呈显著的线性正相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 降雨强度 坡度 土壤侵蚀 养分流失 |
Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on Soil Erosion, Nitrogen and Potassium Loss on Loess Slope |
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| ZHANG Meng,LI Dongjie,ZHOU Yue.Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on Soil Erosion, Nitrogen and Potassium Loss on Loess Slope[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):85-90. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Meng LI Dongjie ZHOU Yue |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083; 2. Beijing Golden-water Info-tech. Ltd., Beijing 100053 |
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| Abstract: | This study explored the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil erosion and nutrient loss under two rainfall intensities (50 and 75 mm/h) and four slope gradients (5°,10°,15° and 20°) through simulated rainfall experiments. The results were as follows: (1) When the rainfall intensity increased from 50 mm/h to 75 mm/h on the same slope, the runoff yield time was advanced by 2.75 ~ 4.79 min. (2) On the same slope, with the increasing of rainfall intensity, the cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield increased by 12.53 ~ 15.80 mm/m2 and 0.47 ~ 3.61 kg/m2, respectively, and the increase ranges were 1.24 ~ 1.31 times and 0.77 ~ 2.90 times, respectively; there was a critical slope gradient in the process of slope erosion, and it was about 15°. (3) The loss of nitrogen in the runoff was dominant, and the amount of nitrogen loss in sediment was low, which accounted only for 1.4% ~ 9.7% of total nitrogen loss in runoff; when the slope gradient was low, the loss of phosphorus was mainly caused by runoff loss, while with the increasing of the slope gradient, it was mainly caused by sediment loss. (4) The concentration of total nitrogen loss in runoff had obvious linear positive correlation with runoff intensity, and there was a significant positive linear correlation between total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss and sediment yield rate. |
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| Keywords: | rainfall intensity slope gradient soil erosion nutrient loss |
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