Planting density and sowing proportions of maize–soybean intercrops affected competitive interactions and water-use efficiencies on the Loess Plateau,China |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China;4. Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;1. The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), 4343 Gatton, QLD, Australia;2. The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia;1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China;2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China;1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;2. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;1. Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Wageningen University, Plant Production Systems group, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. China Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Meteorology Department, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | In field trials on the Loess Plateau, China, in 2012–13, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were sole cropped and intercropped at three densities and with three sowing proportions. Maize was generally more growth efficient for biomass accumulation than soybean during the entire growth interval, as assessed using the relative efficiency index (REIc). However, most of sowing proportion at each density displayed a trend of decreased growth with development. Throughout the growth period, the dry matter production and leaf area index (LAI) of maize increased as the plant density increased irrespective of whether it was grown as a sole crop or as an intercrop. However, the effect of increasing cropping density was less obvious for soybean. The LAI values of the sole crop treatment for both maize and soybean were greater than that of the intercropping system, indicating that the presence of maize and soybean together suppressed the respective growth of the two crops. At the final harvest, land equivalent ratios (LER) of 0.84–1.35 indicated resource complementarity in most of the studied intercrops. Complementarity was directly affected by changes in plant densities; the greatest LER were observed in 2 rows maize and 2 rows soybean intercrops at low density. The water equivalent ratio (WER), which characterized the efficiency of water resource use in intercropping, ranged from 0.84 to 1.68, indicating variability in the effect of intercropping on water-use efficiency (WUE). |
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| Keywords: | Competition dynamics Intercropping Water equivalent ratio Leaf area index Relative growth efficiency |
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