In order to study the influence of hyperspectral image on the monitoring of water quality parameters, the author dealed with inversion research of water quality parameters in East Dongting Lake, based on Hyperion image. Through atmosphere correction and spectral feature analysis, then estimation model for chlorophyll a concentration and suspended solids were built respectively. Spatial distribution of target water quality parameters were acquired by software ENVI4.7 and ArcGIS. Results showed that the effect of Hyperion atmosphere correction was ideal, which was suitable for the inversion of chlorophyll a concentration and suspended solids. The spatial variation of chlorophyll a in the study area was not obvious, which tended to be an upward trend with the distance increase from lakeshore. While the spatial differentiation of suspended solids concentration was obvious, the overall presentation tended to be a gradual increase then a slow decline with the distance increase from lakeshore. The suspended solids content in the mouth and center of East Dongting Lake was higher than other places, and in total the south was higher than the north. The research revealed the potential of Hyperion image on the inland water monitoring, which contributed to the accurate estimation of water parameter monitoring.