| 干旱胁迫对甘蔗光合日变化及相关特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘硕,樊仙,杨绍林,邓军,全怡吉,李如丹,张跃彬.干旱胁迫对甘蔗光合日变化及相关特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(2):430-440. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘硕 樊仙 杨绍林 邓军 全怡吉 李如丹 张跃彬 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所, 云南开远 661699;2 云南大学资源植物研究院, 昆明 650000 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省重大科技专项计划项目;国家糖料产业技术体系项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究干旱胁迫对甘蔗CO2交换和H2O交换的日变化规律、光合作用能力及其他生理特性的影响，为甘蔗抗旱品种选育及探明其耐旱机制提供科学参考。【方法】以云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159为供试材料，采用盆栽试验，设干旱1 d、干旱5 d、干旱9 d和干旱9 d后复水10 d共4个干旱处理，各处理均设正常浇水为对照。使用PTM-48A植物光合生理及环境监测系统监测甘蔗+1叶的水气交换规律，测定与干旱相关的光合指标（光合作用、叶绿素荧光、SPAD值）及生理指标（质膜透性和叶片相对含水率等），并分析各指标间的相关性。【结果】环境变化影响甘蔗叶片的CO2和水分交换能力，在高温低湿及高蒸气压差的正常浇水生长环境下，云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159的CO2交换率和H2O交换率较高，甘蔗叶片具有更高的气孔导度和净光合速率。干旱胁迫导致云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159的CO2和水分交换受到抑制。干旱5 d时，2个参试品种的CO2交换率和H2O交换率大幅度降低，干旱9 d导致CO2和水分交换过程接近停滞。与对照相比，干旱胁迫时云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著降低（P<0.05，下同），云蔗05-51的降幅低于粤糖93-159；干旱5 d和干旱9 d处理的甘蔗叶绿素荧光、SPAD值、土壤含水率、叶片相对含水率显著下降，质膜透性显著提升，干旱时云蔗05-51的SPAD值显著高于粤糖93-159，复水后质膜透性低于粤糖93-159。干旱胁迫下光合系统、叶绿素荧光系统及土壤含水率与叶片相对含水率、SPAD值和质膜透性间有显著或极显著（P<0.01）相关性。复水后，2个品种的光合及生理作用较干旱胁迫显著回升，CO2交换和水分交换恢复程度较差，云蔗05-51的各指标恢复程度高于粤糖93-159。【结论】高温低湿及高蒸汽压差的环境有利于促进云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159的光合及水气交换作用；干旱胁迫导致云蔗05-51和粤糖93-159的CO2交换率、H2O交换率、光合作用能力、叶绿素荧光系统及叶片水分等相关生理活动受到抑制；云蔗05-51在干旱胁迫下具有相对更高的气孔导度和蒸腾速率，其抗旱性和复水后的恢复能力均优于粤糖93-159。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 干旱胁迫 CO2交换率 H2O交换率 光合作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-19 |
Effects of drought stress on diurnal changes and related characteristics of sugarcane photosynthesis |
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| LIU Shuo,FAN Xian,YANG Shao-lin,DENG Jun,QUAN Yi-ji,LI Ru-dan,ZHANG Yue-bin.Effects of drought stress on diurnal changes and related characteristics of sugarcane photosynthesis[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(2):430-440. |
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| Authors: | LIU Shuo FAN Xian YANG Shao-lin DENG Jun QUAN Yi-ji LI Ru-dan ZHANG Yue-bin |
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| Institution: | 1 Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China;2 Institute of Resource Plants, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To investigate the effects of drought stress on the daily trends of CO2 exchange and H2O exchange, photosynthetic capacity and physiological characteristics of sugarcane. This study would provide a scientific reference for the selection and breeding of drought-resistant varieties of sugarcane and the investigation of their drought tolerance mechanisms.【Method】Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93-159 were used as the test materials. A pot experiment was conducted with four drought treatments of 1,5,9 and 10 d with re-watering after 9 d of drought, pot plants watered normally served as the control. The CO2 and water exchange patterns of sugarcane leaves were monitored using PTM-48A plant photosynthetic physiological and environmental monitoring system. Photosynthetic(photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,SPAD value) and physiological(osmotic permeability,relative water content of leaves,etc.) indicators associated with drought were measured and correlations between the indicators were analyzed.【Result】Environmental changes affected the CO2 and water exchange capacity of sugarcane leaves. Under normal watering growth conditions with high temperature and low humidity as well as high vapor pressure difference,the CO2 exchange rate and H2O exchange rate of Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93-159 performed better,and sugarcane leaves had higher stomatal conductance and net rate of photosynthesis. Drought stress led to the inhibition of CO2 exchange and H2O exchange in Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93- 159. At 5 d of drought,the CO2 exchange rate and transpiration of both varieties were significantly reduced,and 9 d of drought resulted in near stagnation of CO2 exchange and H2O exchange. Compared with the control,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93-159 were significantly reduced during drought stress(P<0.05, the same below),but the reduction observed in Yunzhe 05-51 was less severe than that of Yuetang 93-159. The treatments of 5 and 9 d of drought affected the chlorophyll fluorescence,SPAD value,soil water content and the relative leaf transpiration of sugarcane. There were significant correlations between photosynthetic systems,chlorophyll fluorescence systems,soil water content and leaf relative water content,SPAD value and plasma membrane permeability under drought stress. After rehydration,the photosynthetic and physiological effects of both varieties recovered significantly from drought stress,while CO2 exchange and transpiration recovered to a lesser extent,with the recovery of all indicators being higher in Yunzhe 05-51 than in Yuetang 93-159.【Conclusion】High temperature and low humidity as well as high vapour pressure differentials are conducive to promoting photosynthesis and water-air exchange in Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93-159. Drought stress leads to the inhibition of CO2 exchange rate and H2O exchange,photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence system and leaf water related physiological activities of Yunzhe 05-51 and Yuetang 93-159. Yunzhe 05-51 has relatively higher stomatal conductance and transpiration under drought stress,and its drought resistance and recovery ability after rehydration are better than those of Yuetang 93-159. |
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