| 中国淡水珍珠种业现状与发展趋势 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 白志毅,汪桂玲,刘晓军,李家乐.中国淡水珍珠种业现状与发展趋势[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(6):874-881. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 白志毅 汪桂玲 刘晓军 李家乐 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2012BAD26B04)；国家自然科学(31272657)；上海高校知识服务平台项目(ZF1206)；上海工程技术中心能力提升项目(13DZ2280500)；上海市青年科技启明星(A类)计划项目(12QA1401400) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 我国是世界上第一淡水珍珠生产国,其产业和种业发展分为4个时期,本文综述了不同时期产业和种业发展特点。第一发展时期,产业规模迅速发展,天然水域苗种供不应求,淡水珍珠蚌种质资源破坏严重;第二发展时期,突破淡水珍珠蚌人工繁殖技术,确定三角帆蚌与褶纹冠蚌为我国最佳淡水育珠蚌,淡水珍珠产量跃居世界第一;第三发展时期,民营珍珠企业发展迅速,促进淡水珍珠养殖和苗种生产商业化,淡水珍珠产量达到历史最高水平;2008年至今,进入提高珍珠产量向提高珍珠质量转型期。目前,淡水珍珠蚌苗种生产规模化水平不断提高,但农户自繁自养模式仍占较高比重,苗种生产工业化程度较低。在种质创新与利用方面,种质资源评价、杂交育种和选择育种等工作逐步开展,但现代育种技术应用率低、科技成果转化率低的问题突出。最后,根据现代水产种业发展要求,展望了我国淡水珍珠种业现代化、商品化和多元化发展趋势,并提出一些建议,以期推动淡水珍珠种业乃至产业发展。
|
| 关 键 词： | 淡水珍珠 种业 种质资源 新品种培育 种苗生产 |
| 收稿时间： | 5/6/2014 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 8/8/2014 12:00:00 AM |
The status and development trend of freshwater pearl seed industry in China |
| |
| BAI Zhi-yi,WANG Gui-ling,LIU Xiao-jun and LI Jia-le.The status and development trend of freshwater pearl seed industry in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(6):874-881. |
| |
| Authors: | BAI Zhi-yi WANG Gui-ling LIU Xiao-jun and LI Jia-le |
| |
| Institution: | Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University |
| |
| Abstract: | China is the largest freshwater pearl producer in the world. The development of pearl culture and seed industry may be divided into four stages. In this review, the major progresses in different development stages of pearl culture and seed industry were characterized respectively. In the first development stage, the pearl culture industry enlarged rapidly, and the freshwater pearl mussel resources were damaged seriously due to overfishing natural mussels for pearl culture. In the second development stage, the artificial breeding of freshwater pearl mussel was successful, and Hyriopsis cumingii and Cristaria plicata were selected as the best two species for pearl production. In this stage, the freshwater pearl yield in China got up to the first place in the world. In the third development stage, the pearl culture and seed industry were commercialized step by step due to the rapid development of private pearl enterprise. The freshwater pearl yield reached at the highest level in this stage. Since 2008, the freshwater pearl industry began transformation and upgrading from pursue of high pearl yield to pursue of high pearl quality. At present, offspring seed scale production was promoted continuously, however the seed produced by separate farmer still remained higher proportion. The degree of industrialization in seed production was low. For germplasm creation and application in freshwater pearl mussel, evaluation of germplasm, hybrid breeding and selection breeding were carried out gradually. However, a few modern breeding technologies were applied in pearl mussel breeding and the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements was low. Finally, according to the claim of constructing modern aquaculture seed industry, we look forward the future of the modern, commercial and diversified freshwater pearl seed industry in China, and give some advices. The review is beneficial to develop freshwater pearl mussel seed industry and even pearl industry. |
| |
| Keywords: | Freshwater pearl Seed industry Germplasm Resources New seed cultivating Offspring seed production |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《上海海洋大学学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《上海海洋大学学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
