| 不同施肥处理对马铃薯土壤有机质含量及微生物区系的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张立超,何昌福,张文明,张春红,邱慧珍.不同施肥处理对马铃薯土壤有机质含量及微生物区系的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(2):27-33. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张立超 何昌福 张文明 张春红 邱慧珍 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)，国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】初步探明不同施肥处理对土壤有机质含量和微生物区系的影响.【方法】在甘肃省定西市安定区布置了生物有机肥定位试验,采用平板计数法对可培养微生物进行了数量统计.【结果】施用生物有机肥的处理其0~20cm土壤有机质含量高出对照22.2%~46.9%,且以100%生物有机肥的T3处理变化幅度最大;20~40cm土壤有机质高出对照14.5%~48.8%,施用生物有机肥的T3、T4处理变化幅度大致相同;不同施肥处理间土壤微生物区系也发生了明显的变化,凡是施用生物有机肥的处理(T3和T4)在大多数生育期内可培养细菌数量显著高于对照(T1)和化肥处理(T2)(P0.05),增加幅度分别达到了66.1%~118.8%和13.0%~50.3%,以有机无机配施的T4效果最大;土壤中施入生物有机肥减少了可培养真菌的数量,减少幅度分别达到了31.7%~66.7%和30.2%~89.6%;施用生物有机肥增加了可培养放线菌的数量,增加幅度分别达到24.1%~79.1%和15.6%~50.6%;不同施肥处理土壤中芽孢杆菌数量的效果与细菌结果非常一致,施用生物有机肥的处理芽孢杆菌数量高于对照(T1)和化肥处理(T2),增加幅度分别达到了56.4%~91.5%和25.4%~64.6%,且生物有机肥配合化肥处理的效果最为显著.在整个生育期内,对照(T1)和单施化肥的处理(T2),芽孢杆菌优势度成降低趋势,而施用生物有机肥的处理(T3、T4)芽孢杆菌优势度成升高趋势.【结论】只要向土壤施入生物有机肥,就可提高表层和深层土壤的有机质含量;施用生物有机肥提高了土壤细菌,放线菌和芽孢杆菌的数量,减少了真菌的数量;施用生物有机肥的土壤更有利于芽孢杆菌增殖,从而提高土壤的生物活性.
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| 关 键 词： | 生物有机肥 有机质 土壤微生物 芽孢杆菌 马铃薯 |
Effects of fertilizer treatments on soil organic matter content and microbial flora of potato |
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| ZHANG Li-chao,HE Chang-fu,ZHANG Wen-ming,ZHANG Chun-hong,QIU Hui-zhen.Effects of fertilizer treatments on soil organic matter content and microbial flora of potato[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2017,52(2):27-33. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Li-chao HE Chang-fu ZHANG Wen-ming ZHANG Chun-hong QIU Hui-zhen |
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| Abstract: | Objective] In order to explore the effects of fertilization treatments on soil organic matter content and microbial flora.Method] A bio-organic fertilizer location test was carried out in the main potato production area Anding District in Gansu province and the culturable microorganism was counted using plate count method.Result] Soil organic matter content at 0~20 cm soil of the treatment applying bio-organic fertilizer was higher than that of by 22.2%~46.9%,and the treatment T3(applying 100% bio-organic fertilizer) showed the maximum variation,the content of soil organic matter at 20~40 cm was higher than that of the control (T1) by 14.5%~48.8% and T3 and T4 applying bio-organic fertilizer changed roughly the same improving the content of organic matter of surface and deep soil.Soil microbial flora also changed significantly among the different treatments the amount of culturable bacteria was significantly higher in T3 and T4 treatment than that of control and T2 (applying chemical fertilizer) in most growth period (P<0.05),increased by 66.1%~118.8% and 13%~50.3%,and organic combined inorganic fertilizer T4 showed best effect.Bio-organic fertilizer reduced the fungi amount by 31.7%~66.7% and 30.2%~89.6%,respectively and it increased the actinomycetes amount by 24.1%~79.1% and 15.6%~50.6%,respectively.Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil bacillus and bacteria was very consistent,bacillus amount of the treatments applying bio-organic fertilizer was higher than that of T1 and T2,increasing by 56.4%~91.5% and 25.4%~64.6%,respectively,and the effect of application bio-organic fertilizer combined chemical fertilizer treatment was most significant.In the whole growth period,bacillus dominance of T1 and T2 decreased,while that of T3 and T4 increased.Conclusion] Application bio-organic fertilizer could improve the content of organic matter of topsoil and deep soil,increase the amount of bacteria,actinomycetes and bacillus,and decrease fungi amount.The soil organic fertilizer was beneficial to bacillus proliferation,thereby improving soil biological activity. |
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| Keywords: | bio-organic fertilizer organic matter soil microbe bacillus subtilis patato |
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