| 高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李小凡,邵靖宜,于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝.高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(18):3516-3529. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李小凡 邵靖宜 于维祯 刘鹏 赵斌 张吉旺 任佰朝 |
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| 作者单位： | 作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省高等学校青年创新团队科技支持计划(2021KJ073);国家自然科学基金(31801296);山东省博士后创新项目(202003039);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-18);泰安市农业科技特派员科技项目(2020TPY002) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】气候变化导致全球变暖,高温、干旱等极端天气频发,且生产中高温干旱时常相伴发生。本研究旨在探讨不同生育时期高温干旱复合胁迫影响夏玉米产量和光合特性的生理机制。【方法】选用DH605为试验材料,设置不同生育时期高温（T）、干旱（D）以及高温干旱复合（T-D）处理。2019年于三叶期（V3）、拔节期（V6）和抽雄期（VT）进行,2020年于三叶期（V3）、大喇叭口期（V12）和抽雄期（VT）进行,以自然温度和正常水分处理为对照（CK）。研究不同生育时期高温干旱复合处理对夏玉米产量、光合特性以及干物质的积累与分配的影响。【结果】不同生育时期高温干旱复合胁迫处理后,夏玉米LAI和SPAD值均显著降低,光合性能下降,净光合速率（Pn）显著降低。其中VT时期复合胁迫对Pn影响最显著,VT时期的T-D处理的Pn较CK平均下降39.0%,且高温干旱复合处理后夏玉米净光合速率的下降幅度大于高温、干旱等单一胁迫。高温干旱复合处理引发夏玉米光合性能降低,导致夏玉米干物质积累能力及向籽粒分配比例的下降,进而导致产量显著降低。2019年V3、V6、VT时期的T-D处理的产量较CK分别降低27.4%、18.3%和66.5%;2020年V3、V12、VT时期的T-D处理的产量较CK分别降低14.5%、14.6%和68.7%。【结论】不同生育时期的高温干旱复合胁迫导致夏玉米叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低,气体交换受抑制,光合性能下降,导致光合同化物的积累与分配受阻,产量显著降低。其中,抽雄期遭受高温干旱复合胁迫后对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响最大,且复合胁迫对其影响大于单一胁迫。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 高温 干旱 高温干旱复合胁迫 产量 光合特性 干物质分配 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-01 |
Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize |
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| XiaoFan LI,JingYi SHAO,WeiZhen YU,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,JiWang ZHANG,BaiZhao REN.Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(18):3516-3529. |
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| Authors: | XiaoFan LI JingYi SHAO WeiZhen YU Peng LIU Bin ZHAO JiWang ZHANG BaiZhao REN |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Climate change has led to global warming, with frequent occurrences of high temperatures and droughts, and high temperatures often accompany droughts during production. This study aimed to explore the physiological mechanism of the compound stress of high temperature and drought in different growth periods affecting the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize.【Method】DH605 was selected as the experimental hybrid. High temperature treatment (T), drought treatment (D) and the compound stress (T-D) treatment were set in different growth periods. In 2019, it was carried out at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and flowering stage (VT); In 2020, it was carried out at the third leaf stage (V3), the twelfth leaf stage (V12) and flowering stage (VT). This experiment took natural temperature and normal moisture treatment as control (CK). The effects of high temperature and drought compound treatments on yield, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of summer maize were studied, and the differences of photosynthetic characteristics and yield between single treatment and compound treatment were compared.【Result】 After the combined stress treatment of high temperature and drought in different growth stages, the LAI and SPAD of summer maize decreased significantly, which affected the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and it decreased significantly. Among that, the compound stress during the VT period had the most significant effect on Pn. The Pn under T-D treatment in the VT period decreased by 39.0% on average compared with CK, while the net photosynthetic rate of summer maize after the combined treatment of high temperature and drought decreased more than that under single stress such as high temperature and drought. The combined treatment of high temperature and drought caused the photosynthetic performance of summer maize to decrease, and it led to the decrease of dry matter accumulation capacity and distribution ratio of summer maize to grains, which in turn led to a significant decrease in yield. In 2019, the output of T-D at V3, V6, and VT decreased by 27.4%, 18.3%, and 66.5%, respectively, compared with CK; in 2020, the output of T-D treatment at V3, V12, and VT decreased by 14.5%, 14.6% and 68.7%, respectively, compared with CK.【Conclusion】After the combined stress of high temperature and drought, the leaf area index and chlorophyll content was decreased, gas exchange was inhibited, leading to the decrease of photosynthetic performance, and thus hindered the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic compounds, resulting in a significant yield reduction of summer maize. The combined stress of high temperature and drought during the flowering stage had the greatest impact on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize, and the combined stresses had greater impacts than that of single stress. |
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| Keywords: | summer maize high temperature drought combined stress of high temperature and drought yield photosynthetic characteristics dry matter distribution |
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