| 农艺措施对谷子产量及抗倒伏力学性能的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 武翠卿,孙静鑫,郭平毅,王宏富,武新慧.农艺措施对谷子产量及抗倒伏力学性能的影响[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(6):1127-1142. |
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| 作者姓名： | 武翠卿 孙静鑫 郭平毅 王宏富 武新慧 |
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| 作者单位： | 1山西农业大学工学院,山西太谷 0308012运城学院机电工程系,山西运城 0440003山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷 030801 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701801);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-A28);山西省应用基础研究计划(201901D111219);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY201755) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】明晰栽培条件互作对谷子叶片光合特性、茎秆生物力学性质指标的耦合影响,为运用谷子茎秆生物力学性质进行抗倒伏特性评价,为优化谷子种植栽培条件及抗倒伏优种筛选提供合理农艺措施和理论支持。【方法】采用裂区试验设计方法,主区选取4个在生产中具有代表性的谷子品种,副区为基于不同的播种密度与施肥量、播种密度与水分、水分与施肥量互作处理栽培条件,系统研究了栽培措施对谷子生长发育以及茎秆抗倒伏生物力学性质的影响。【结果】（1）除水分对谷子茎秆节平均直径影响不显著外,谷子品种、施肥量、播种密度及水分4个因素对谷子的产量、光合生理特性及茎秆形态特性均有极显著影响（P＜0.001）;（2）谷子的千粒重、产量均随施肥量和水分的增加而增加;随播种密度的增加,千粒重呈下降趋势,产量呈现先上升后下降趋势;谷子旗叶SPAD值及最大荧光值（Fm）开花期显著高于灌浆期,开花期旗叶SPAD值、灌浆期旗叶Fm可作为谷子育种的目标性状;（3）播种密度对谷子田间倒伏率的影响最大,其次是水分、品种,施肥量的影响最小;（4）谷子茎秆倒数第二节的抗拉倒力与株高、节平均长度及茎秆节含水率显著负相关,与节平均直径显著正相关。【结论】不同农艺措施互作栽培条件下,单因子对谷子的产量、植株光合生理特性及茎秆力学性能影响最大;选择优良品种、合理密植（≤70万株/hm2）、适当水肥是提升谷子籽粒品质、增加产量、减少田间倒伏率的有效措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 谷子 栽培农艺措施 叶片光合特性 茎秆生物力学性质 影响机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-19 |
Effects of Agronomic Managements on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Millet |
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| CuiQing WU,JingXin SUN,PingYi GUO,HongFu WANG,XinHui WU.Effects of Agronomic Managements on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Millet[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2021,54(6):1127-1142. |
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| Authors: | CuiQing WU JingXin SUN PingYi GUO HongFu WANG XinHui WU |
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| Institution: | 1College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi2Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi3College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】In order to study the effect of interaction treatment cultivation conditions on yield of millet and the biomechanical properties of quantitative evaluation of lodging resistance. 【Method】In this paper, using split zone design, four millet varieties with representativeness in production were selected. Based on interaction treatment cultivation conditions of different seeding density and fertilization, seeding density and water, water and fertilization conditions, the effects of cultivation measures on the growth and development of millet and the biomechanical properties of stem on lodging resistance were systematically studied. 【Result】(1) Except for the effect of water on the average diameter of millet stalk, the yield, photosynthetic physiological characteristics and stem characteristics of millet were significantly affected by four factors: millet variety, fertilization amount, sowing density and water content (P<0.001). (2) The 1 000-grain weight and yield of millet increased with the increase of fertilizer and water. With the increase of seed density, 1 000-grain weight decreased, and the yield increased first and then decreased. The SPAD value and the maximum fluorescence value (Fm) of millet flag leaf at flowering stage were significantly higher than that at filling stage. The SPAD value of flag leaf at flowering stage and Fm value of flag leaf at filling stage were used as the target traits of millet breeding. (3) The effect of sowing density on the lodging rate in millet was the greatest, followed by the influence of water and variety, while the effect of fertilization was the least. (4) The tensile force of the penultimate node of millet stem was negatively correlated with plant height, average length of nodes and moisture of stem nodes, and positively correlated with average diameter of nodes. 【Conclusion】Under the interaction treatment cultivation conditions of different agronomic measures, the single factor had the greatest influence on the yield of millet, plant photosynthetic physiological characteristics and stem mechanical properties. Selecting fine varieties, reasonable close planting (≤700 000 plants/hm2) and proper water and fertilizer were effective measures to improve the quality of millet, to increase yield, and to reduce the lodging rate in the field. |
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| Keywords: | millet agronomic measures photosynthetic characteristics of leaves biomechanical properties of stem influence mechanism |
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