| 白洋淀流域核心区农牧系统未利用氮量及空间分布 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵海璇,张亦涛,李文超,马文奇,翟丽梅,居学海,陈涵婷,康锐,孙志梅,习斌,刘宏斌.白洋淀流域核心区农牧系统未利用氮量及空间分布[J].中国农业科学,2023,56(1):118-128. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵海璇 张亦涛 李文超 马文奇 翟丽梅 居学海 陈涵婷 康锐 孙志梅 习斌 刘宏斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室，河北保定 0710002.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 1001013.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室，北京 1000814.农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站，北京 100125 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(BJ2021026);河北省引进留学人员资助项目(C20200330);华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题(NCCIR2021ZZ-20);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0101900);河北省水环境科学实验室开放课题(HBSHJ202107) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】农牧系统过量投入产生的未利用氮素是地表水体中污染负荷的重要来源之一，量化农业未利用氮素的空间分异特征，为氮素的分区管理，实现流域农业源氮素有效管理提供基础。【方法】以白洋淀流域核心区保定市范围内的农牧系统为研究对象，根据氮素输入、输出量，分析2016年保定市各县(区)种植业、畜牧业以及农牧系统的未利用氮素空间分布情况。种植业的未利用氮量为各输入项(化肥、有机肥、大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、种子、非共生固氮和秸秆还田)与输出项(作物籽粒和秸秆)的差值；畜牧业未利用氮量为养殖粪污产生量与施用量的差值；农牧系统未利用氮量为种植业与畜牧业未利用氮量之和。【结果】(1)保定市各县(区)种植业氮未利用强度在90.27—581.73 kg·hm-2之间，其中定兴县氮未利用强度最小，满城区的氮未利用强度最大；种植业中蔬菜生产是未利用氮贡献最多的产业，占种植业未利用氮量的31.3%，其次是果树(29.0%)、小麦(27.8%)和玉米(11.9%)；化肥是种植业未利用氮的主要输入源(占61.8%)，其次是有机肥(16.8%)、秸秆还田(8.9%)、大气沉降(5.2%)、灌溉(3.4...
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| 关 键 词： | 白洋淀流域 未利用氮量 种植业 畜牧业 县域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-10 |
Spatial Characteristic and Its Factors of Nitrogen Surplus of Crop and Livestock Production in the Core Area of the Baiyangdian Basin |
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| ZHAO HaiXuan,ZHANG YiTao,LI WenChao,MA WenQi,ZHAI LiMei,JU XueHai,CHEN HanTing,KANG Rui,SUN ZhiMei,XI Bin,LIU HongBin.Spatial Characteristic and Its Factors of Nitrogen Surplus of Crop and Livestock Production in the Core Area of the Baiyangdian Basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2023,56(1):118-128. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO HaiXuan ZHANG YiTao LI WenChao MA WenQi ZHAI LiMei JU XueHai CHEN HanTing KANG Rui SUN ZhiMei XI Bin LIU HongBin |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The nitrogen surplus caused by excessive nitrogen input of crop and livestock production is the major source of pollution load in surface waterbody. The spatial differentiation characteristics of agricultural unused nitrogen were quantified in this study, so as to provide a basis for the zoning management of nitrogen and the effective management of agricultural nitrogen source in the river basin. 【Method】This study was conducted in Baoding, the central area of the Baiyangdian Basin. The nitrogen input and output of the crop and livestock production system were analyzed in all counties of Baoding in 2016. The nitrogen surplus in the crop production system was defined as the differential value between each input item (chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, atmospheric dry and wet settlement, irrigation water, seeds, non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation and straw returning to the field) and the output item (crop grain and straw); the nitrogen surplus in livestock production system was defined as the differential value between the amount of manure and the amount of organic fertilizer; and the nitrogen surplus in the agriculture and animal husbandry was defined as the sum of crop production system and livestock production system. 【Result】(1) The level of nitrogen surplus in crop production was ranging from 90.27 to 581.73 kg·hm-2, with the lowest value in Dingxing District and the largest value in Mancheng District. Vegetables contributed to the most nitrogen surplus of crop production (31.3%), following by fruit trees (29.0%), wheat (27.8%), and maize (11.9%). Fertilizer was the primary source of nitrogen surplus (61.8%), following by organic fertilizer (16.8%), straw return to the field (8.9%), atmospheric settlement (5.2%), irrigation (3.4%), non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation (3.0%), and seeds (0.9%). (2) The nitrogen surplus level of livestock production was ranging from 0.06×104 t to 2.48×104 t with the lowest value in Lianchi District and the highest value in Xushui Distrct. Beef cattle accounted for 71.0% of the total nitrogen surplus of livestock production. (3) The unused nitrogen level in the agricultural and animal husbandry system was between 0.43×104 t and 4.97×104 t, among which the unused nitrogen amount was the highest in the Xushui area. In farming systems, farming was the main source of nitrogen (55.8% of unused nitrogen). 【Conclusion】The nitrogen unused space varied significantly in Baoding counties, the core area of Baiyangdian Basin, and the highest nitrogen unused in Xushui District was 10.4 times that in Jingxiu District. The largest contribution to the amount of unused nitrogen in the crop and livestock production is the crop production, of which vegetable production is the most important industry. |
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| Keywords: | Baiyangdian Basin nitrogen surplus crop production system livestock production system county level |
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