| 猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗——半个世纪的回顾 |
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| 引用本文： | 仇华吉,童光志,沈荣显.猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗——半个世纪的回顾[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1675-1685. |
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| 作者姓名： | 仇华吉 童光志 沈荣显 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所/兽医生物技术国家重点实验室,哈尔滨,150001 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“973”计划专项（2005CB523202）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 猪瘟是一种严重危害养猪业的毁灭性传染病。20世纪50年代中国首创了举世闻名的猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗（即C株），随后创制了不同的疫苗制造工艺，如细胞培养苗、乳兔组织苗和牛体反应组织苗等。C株是一株非常安全的弱毒疫苗，对各种年龄和品种的猪都没有副作用，并且有良好的免疫效力，它能同时诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫应答，对不同基因型的猪瘟病毒株均能提供有效的免疫保护。免疫母猪通过母乳可对仔猪提供被动免疫保护，但过高水平的母源抗体会影响仔猪对C株疫苗的主动免疫应答。目前已经完成了包括C株及其亲本株在内的几十株猪瘟病毒的全基因组序列测定和注释，建立了猪瘟病毒的反向遗传操作系统，初步解析了猪瘟病毒主要基因的结构与功能，并构建了不同的反向遗传操作标记疫苗，赋予了C株疫苗新的生命和内涵。C株疫苗可以用于猪瘟的控制和根除，借助于C株疫苗密集接种和综合控制措施，有关国家有效地控制了猪瘟，甚至消灭了猪瘟。尽管如此，要在全球范围内根除猪瘟，今后依然有漫长的路要走，这可能有赖于对C株进行进一步改造和利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 猪瘟 猪瘟病毒 猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-10-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004-10-28 |
The Lapinized Chinese Strain of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a Retrospective Review Spanning Half a Century |
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| QIU Hua-ji,TONG Guang-zhi,SHEN Rong-xian.The Lapinized Chinese Strain of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a Retrospective Review Spanning Half a Century[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(8):1675-1685. |
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| Authors: | QIU Hua-ji TONG Guang-zhi SHEN Rong-xian |
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| Abstract: | Classical swine fever (CSF), a list A disease of Office International des Epizooties, is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belonging to the Flaviviridae family. The well-known lapinized Chinese strain of CSFV, also known as C-strain, was developed in China in the middle 1950s. In the past half a century, the vaccine has been proved to be safe and immunogenic in pigs of essentially any age. It is of high efficacy. It provides immunized animals with broad-spectrum, sometimes lifelong, protection, which is contributed by cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity, against essentially all genotypes or subgenotypes of the virus. The maternal antibodies derived from immunized sows can confer solid protection of their offspring from disease; however they have been proved to inhibit the successful immunization of C-vaccine. The complete genome of C-strain, together with those of its parent Shimen and dozens of established and field strains, has been sequenced and annotated. Recently, the reverse genetics system of C-strain has been developed, resulting in several C-strain-derived candidate marker vaccines. Many countries manage to control or even eradicate CSF with the aid of C-strain vaccination. In spite of these efforts, the eradication of the disease worldwide remains a big challenge and needs a long way to go, and provably still resort to genetically modified C-strain. This paper reviews the different aspects of the vaccine, which has stood the test of half a century. |
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| Keywords: | Classical swine fever Classical swine fever virus C-strain vaccine |
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