| 东北寒区水稻需水对地下水埋深的响应及灌溉模拟 |
| |
| 作者单位： | ;1.武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室;2.黑龙江省水利科学研究院 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】揭示不同降水年型下东北寒区水稻需水对地下水埋深变动与灌溉的响应规律,进一步优化寒区水稻灌溉制度。【方法】以黑龙江庆安和平灌区灌溉试验站多年水稻灌溉试验及2017年地下水动态观测数据为依据,分析不同灌水模式下水稻耗水及地下水变化动态,验证AquaCrop模型在东北寒区水稻生长模拟中的适用性,并用于模拟分析25%、50%、75%降水年型下水稻需水与不同地下水埋深的相互关系及灌水量的响应规律,提出适宜该地区水稻高产的地下水埋深范围及其生育期净灌水量。【结果】①水稻生育期内,地下水埋深先浅后深,其中,分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期耗水量大,灌溉和降雨较多,地下水埋深较浅;②构建了3种降水年型下ET与GD、I的多元回归方程,综合考虑了水稻需水量与地下水埋深、生育期灌水量之间的相关关系,可用于稻田高效耗用水管理和地下水资源持续利用;③为实现东北寒区水稻高产和地下水埋深基本稳定的双重目标,地下水埋深应控制在2.0～2.5 m之间,水稻生育期净灌水量为:枯水年不宜低于现状灌水量,即300 mm;丰水年和平水年净灌水量可适当减少至现状灌水量的0.8倍,即240 mm。【结论】提出了适宜该地区水稻高产的地下水埋深范围及生育期净灌水量,为促进我国东北地区节水增粮,保护湿地生态环境,提高农业用水效率提供了理论依据。
|
| 关 键 词： | 寒区 水稻需水 地下水埋深 灌水量 AquaCrop模型 水分生产率 |
Response of Rice Water Requirement to Groundwater Depths and Irrigations Simulation in Cold Region of Northeast China |
| |
| Institution: | ,State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University,Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objective】The objective of this paper is to reveal the response rules of rice water requirement to groundwater depth changes and irrigations in cold region of northeast China under different precipitation years,and to further optimize the rice irrigation schedules.【Method】Based on years of rice irrigation experiments and groundwater dynamic observation data in 2017 at the irrigation experiment station of Qing'an Heping Irrigation District of Heilongjiang Province, the rice water consumption and groundwater dynamics under different irrigation patterns were analyzed. The applicability of AquaCrop model in rice growth simulation in cold region of northeast China was verified, and it was used to simulate and analyze the relationship between rice water requirement and different groundwater depths and the response rules of irrigations under three types of precipitation years of 25%, 50% and 75%. The groundwater depth range and the net irrigation amount in the growth period suitable for high yield of rice in this region were proposed.【Result】①The groundwater depth in the rice growth period was shallow first and then deep, the water consumption in tillering stage, booting stage and earing stage were large, rainfall and irrigation amount were large, and the depth of groundwater was shallow. ②The multiple regression equations of ET, GD and I under three types of precipitation years were established, and the correlation between rice water requirement, groundwater depth and irrigation amount in growth period were comprehensively considered, which could be used for efficient water consumption management of rice fields and sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. ③In order to achieve the double goal of high yield of rice and basic stability of groundwater depth in cold regions of Northeast China, the groundwater depth should be controlled between 2.0 and 2.5 m. In dry year, the net irrigation amount during the rice growth period should not be lower than the current irrigation amount, namely 300 mm. But in wet year and normal year, it could be appropriately reduced to 0.8 times of the current irrigation amount, namely 240 mm.【Conclusion】The range of groundwater depth and the amount of net irrigation during the rice growth period proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for promoting water saving and grain increase in northeast China, protecting wetland ecological environment and improving agricultural water use efficiency. |
| |
| Keywords: | cold region rice water requirement groundwater depth irrigation amount AquaCrop model water productivity |
|
|
