| 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量 |
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| 引用本文： | 侯迎梅,袁野,陆游,马红娜,孙蓬,梁雄培,霍雅文,周歧存.三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量[J].水产学报,2016,40(11):1753-1764. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯迎梅 袁野 陆游 马红娜 孙蓬 梁雄培 霍雅文 周歧存 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁波大学海洋学院,鱼类营养研究室,浙江宁波315211 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41476125）；宁波市海洋蟹类创新团队（2011B81003）；浙江省“重中之重”一级学科开放课题 |
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| 摘 要： | 为确定三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂(SL)最适需要量,进行了为期8周的生长实验。实验以鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,红鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,添加不同含量的SL(0、10、20、40、60、80 g/kg),配制成6种等氮等脂饲料。每个处理60只蟹,设3个重复,每个重复放养平均体质量为(3.68±0.02)g的三疣梭子蟹20只,养殖于长方形塑料筐中。结果发现,当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,增重率(WGR)、蜕壳率(MR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)显著升高,而WGR、FCR显著而降低;当饲料中SL添加水平为40~80g/kg时,三疣梭子蟹的WR、MR和SGR无显著性变化,而FCR显著升高,PER显著减低。饲料中适宜水平的SL可以提高三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长性能和饲料利用率。血清中总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)不受SL添加量的影响;当SL添加量为0~40g/kg时,血清中胆固醇(CHO)、葡萄糖(GLU)的含量显著升高,而随着SL添加量继续增加时,血清中CHO、GLU的含量无显著性变化;SL添加量为0~20 g/kg时,低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著性升高,但随着SL添加量的增加,LDL含量显著性降低。饲料中添加不同含量的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹中肝胰腺的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)及溶菌酶活性无显著性影响,但当SL添加量为0~60 g/kg时,肝胰腺中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高;当SL添加水平为0~40 g/kg时,谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GPX)的含量显著性上升。饲料中添加不同的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹肌肉中C20:5(EPA),C22:6(DHA),n-3PUFA和C18:2脂肪酸含量无显著性影响。但当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,肝胰腺中C18:2的含量极显著降低,DHA和EPA含量显著上升,而肝胰腺中n-3PUFA的含量虽然无显著性差异,但当SL的含量为40 g/kg时,n-3PUFA的含量高于其他组;随着SL添加量的继续增加,C18:2显著性升高,而n-3PUFA极显著性降低,DHA和EPA含量显著降低。研究表明,当大豆卵磷脂添加量在一定范围内可以提高三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,特别是n-3PUFA、DHA和EPA。以SGR为指标,通过折线模型得出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中大豆卵磷脂的适宜需要量为41.96 g/kg。
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| 关 键 词： | 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹 大豆卵磷脂 需求量 脂肪酸组成 抗氧化能力 非特异性免疫 生长性能 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/8 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/5/13 0:00:00 |
Dietary soy lecithin requirement of the juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) |
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| HOU Yingmei,YUAN Ye,LU You,MA Hongn,SUN Peng,LIANG Xiongpei,HUO Yawen and ZHOU Qicun.Dietary soy lecithin requirement of the juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(11):1753-1764. |
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| Authors: | HOU Yingmei YUAN Ye LU You MA Hongn SUN Peng LIANG Xiongpei HUO Yawen and ZHOU Qicun |
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| Institution: | Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China and Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
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| Abstract: | An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary soy lecithin requirement for juvenile swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) reared in cement pools. Six iso-energetic and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of soy lecithin, which were supplemented with 0, 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg, 80 g/kg of soy lecithin respectively. The results indicated that when the dietary soy lecithin was from o to 40 g/kg, WR, MR, PER, SGR and MR were increased significantly, but FCR decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results indicated that optimal soy lecithin in the diet can improve growth performance and feed utilization for juvenile swimming crab. TP, TG and HDL concentration in serum was not affected by the dietary soy lecithin levels, but the contents of CHO and GLU were increased significantly with the soy lecithin increasing from 0 to 40 g/kg, but were not affected by the dietary soy lecithin increasing (P<0.05). The T-Aoc, MDA and LSZ activity in hepatopancreas were not affected by the dietary soy lecithin levels (P>0.05). When the dietary soy lecithin was 60 g/kg, the SOD activity in hepatopancreas was significantly higher than other diets (P<0.05). The content of GPX in hepatopancreas was increased significantly with the soy lecithin increasing from 0 to 40 g/kg, but was not significantly affected by the dietary soy lecithin increasing from 40 g/kg to 80 g/kg (P<0.05). With the soy lecithin supplementation, we also observed that the contents of DHA, EPA, C18:2 and n-3PUFA in muscle were not affected by the dietary soy lecithin (P>0.05), but DHA and EPA in hepatopancreas were significantly increased with the soy lecithin increasing from 0 to 40 g/kg (P<0.05), however they were not significantly affected by the soy lecithin increasing from 40 g/kg to 80 g/kg (P>0.05). With the soy lecithin increacing from 0 to 40 g/kg, the contents of C18:2 in hepatopancreas were very significantly decreased (P<0.01), but the contents of n-3PUFA in hepatopancreas were not significantly affected (P>0.05), while with the soy lecithin increasing from 40 g/kg to 80 g/kg, the contents of C18:2 in hepatopancreas were significantly increased (P<0.05), but the contents of n-3PUFA in hepatopancreas were very significantly decreased (P<0.01). The results showed that the soy lecithin in diet improved the content of n-3PUFA, DHA and EPA in hepatopancreas. Based on two slope broken-line model based on specific growth rate against dietary soy lecithin levels, the optimal dietary soy lecithin requirement was estimated at 41.96 g/kg for juvenile swimming crab. |
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| Keywords: | Portunus trituberculatus soy lecithin requirement fatty acid composition anti-oxidant ability non-specific immune growth performance |
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