| 不同投喂频率下草鱼对5种非粮蛋白源利用效率的比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏世森,董立学,陆星,田娟,喻丽娟,文华,解绶启,蒋明.不同投喂频率下草鱼对5种非粮蛋白源利用效率的比较[J].水产学报,2022,46(10):1860-1871. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏世森 董立学 陆星 田娟 喻丽娟 文华 解绶启 蒋明 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所;华中农业大学水产学院;中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | “蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项：水产养殖动物新型蛋白源开发与高效饲料研制（2019YFD0900200） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用双因素正交试验(3ｘ5)评估了草鱼在3种投喂频率下对豆粕(美国)、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫、小球藻、棉籽蛋白粉的利用效率。以5种原料为单一蛋白源配制5种等氮等能饲料,在池塘网箱(1mｘ1.5mｘ1.5m)中,分别以投喂频率(2次/d、3次/d和4次/d)投喂初始体质量~80g的草鱼8周,考察草鱼的生长性能,全鱼和肌肉营养成分以及血清生化指标。研究结果表明：黄粉虫试验组(2次/d)草鱼表现出最低的生长性能；豆粕(4次/d)和乙醇梭菌蛋白(3次/d和4次/d)试验组草鱼表现出最高的生长性能；投喂频率与蛋白源对草鱼的末重,饲料系数,蛋白质效率和增重率有交互作用(P＜0.05)。除小球藻试验组,各试验组草鱼的终末体质量和蛋白质效率随着投喂频率的增加而增加。不考虑蛋白源,投喂频率为4次/d的草鱼生长性能显著高于2次/d。 不考虑投喂频率,黄粉虫和棉籽浓缩蛋白组的增重率和蛋白质效率显著低于豆粕、乙醇梭菌蛋白和小球藻三组(P＜0.05),饲料系数则表现出相反的趋势(P＜0.05)。不同的投喂频率下,五种蛋白源对草鱼的形体指标(肝体比、脏体比、肥满度)和全鱼和肌肉的基础营养成分均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。投喂频率对草鱼血清的碱性磷酸酶和葡萄糖有显著影响(P＜0.05),投喂2次/d的碱性磷酸酶的活性显著高于投喂3次/d和投喂4次/d(P＜0.05),投喂4次/d试验鱼的葡萄糖含量显著高于投喂2次/d和3次/d(P＜0.05)。黄粉虫试验组草鱼血清中的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于豆粕组和小球藻组(P＜0.05)。本试验条件下,以生长性能为评价指标,草鱼适宜的投喂频率为3~4次/d,草鱼对五种蛋白源饲料的利用能力为：乙醇梭菌蛋白=豆粕=小球藻>棉籽浓缩蛋白>黄粉虫。
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| 关 键 词： | 草鱼 投喂频率 五种蛋白源 生长性能 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/4/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/8/4 0:00:00 |
Comparative study on the utilization efficiency of grass carp to five non-grain protein sources at different feeding frequencies |
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| Shisen XIA,Lixue DONG,Xing LU,Juan TIAN,Lijuan YU,Hua WEN,Shouqi XIE,Ming JIANG.Comparative study on the utilization efficiency of grass carp to five non-grain protein sources at different feeding frequencies[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2022,46(10):1860-1871. |
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| Authors: | Shisen XIA Lixue DONG Xing LU Juan TIAN Lijuan YU Hua WEN Shouqi XIE Ming JIANG |
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| Institution: | Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan;School of fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan |
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| Abstract: | A two-factor orthogonal experiment (3×5) was used to evaluate the utilization efficiency of soybean meal, clostridium autoethanogenum protein, Tenebrio molito, Chlorella and cottonseed protein concentrate for grass carps at three feeding frequencies. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds were prepared with five raw materials as a single protein source. Grass carps with an initial body weight of 80g were fed with the five test diets at feeding frequency (2, 3 and 4 times /d) for 8 weeks in a pond cage (1m×1.5m×1.5m), respectively. At the end of culture trial, the growth performance, whole fish body and muscle nutrient composition, and serum biochemical indexes of grass carp were investigated. The results showed that grass carp in tenebrio molito group (2 times/day) had the lowest growth performance, the fish in soybean meal (4 times/day) and clostridium autoethanogenum protein (3 times per day and 4 times per day) groups showed the highest growth performance among all the 15 treatments. Meanwhile, there was significant interaction between protein source and feeding frequency on final weight, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and weight gain rate of grass carp (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency of different protein sources (except Chlorella sorokiniana) for grass carp increased with the increase of feeding frequency. Regardless of feeding frequency, the weight gain rate and protein efficiency rate in tenebrio molito and cottonseed concentrate protein groups were significantly lower than those in soybean meal, clostridium autoethanogenum protein and chlorella groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio showed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). The feeding frequencies and protein sources had no significant effects on body indexes (hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and condition factor) and basic nutrients of whole fish and muscle of grass carp (P > 0.05). Feeding frequency had significant effects on alkaline phosphatase and glucose in serum of grass carp (P < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity of groups with 2 times /d was significantly higher than that of groups with 3 times /d and 4 times /d (P < 0.05). The glucose content of fish fed 4 times /d was significantly higher than that of fed 2 times /d and 3 times /d (P < 0.05). The activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum of grass carps in Tenebrio molito group were significantly higher than those in soybean meal group and chlorella group (P < 0.05). At the present experimental conditions, the optimal feeding frequency of grass carp was 3 times/d or 4 times /d. The order of utilization ability of five protein source for grass carp was clostridium autoethanogenum protein =soybean meal = chlorella > cottonseed protein concentrate > Tenebrio molitor. |
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| Keywords: | Grass carp Feeding frequency Protein sources Growth performance |
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