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池塘养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)无眼侧体色黑化消褪机理
作者姓名:朱学武  徐永江  柳学周  史 宝  王 滨
作者单位:1. 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室青 岛市海水鱼类种子工程与生物技术重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛 266071;上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海201306;2. 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室青 岛市海水鱼类种子工程与生物技术重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛 266071;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 青岛 266071
基金项目:国家鲆鲽类技术体系项目(CARS-50)资助
摘    要:针对池塘养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)无眼侧体色黑化消褪的现象,本研究从形态、血清和mRNA水平上对其生理学机制进行了研究.光镜观察显示,无眼侧消褪区域的黑色素细胞数量显著少于有眼侧和无眼侧黑化区域(P<0.05),电镜观察发现,无眼侧消褪区域皮肤中黑色素颗粒模糊,黑色素细胞中色素体存在凋亡现象.无眼侧黑化区域消褪过程中,鳞片类型经历了由栉鳞—弱栉鳞—圆鳞转变的过程,栉鳞上硬棘数量也随之减少.无眼侧黑化消褪的牙鲆血清中的黑色素聚集激素(MCH)肽含量显著高于无眼侧正常和无眼侧黑化的牙鲆(P<0.05),但无眼侧体色黑化的牙鲆血清中的黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)肽含量显著高于其他2种类型的牙鲆(P<0.05).基因表达分析显示,无眼侧黑化消褪鱼垂体MCH mRNA表达水平显著高于无眼侧黑化鱼(P<0.05),而垂体POMC1 mRNA表达水平显著低于无眼侧黑化鱼(P<0.05),但都与无眼侧正常鱼无显著差异.研究结果可为阐释池塘养殖牙鲆无眼侧体色黑化调控机制提供理论支持.

关 键 词:牙鲆  无眼侧黑化消褪  色素细胞  黑色素聚集激素  黑色素细胞刺激激素  基因表达
收稿时间:2016/4/18 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/5/23 0:00:00

Physiological Mechanisms for Degeneration of Blind-Side Hypermelanosis in Pond-Cultured Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors:ZHU Xuewu  XU Yongjiang  LIU Xuezhou  SHI Bao and WANG Bin
Abstract:Blind-side hypermelanosis is a serious problem among intensively cultured Paralichthys olivaceus, resulting in significant economic losses. To date, no treatment is available to prevent this problem due to lack of knowledge. However, the degeneration of blind-side hypermelanosis was observed among pond-cultured P. olivaceus recently. To investigate the possible mechanisms, three types of P. olivaceus were identified based on the pigmentation on the blind side: normal blind-side type (NBS), blind-side hypermelanosis type (BSH), and blind-side degeneration type (BSD), and used for the comparison of morphological and associated endocrine changes at hormonal and mRNA levels. For BSD type, the number of melanocytes in the hypermelanosis-degenerated parts of blind side was reduced significantly comparing to those in the eye-side parts and in the blind-side parts in the BSD type. Moreover, the scales in the hypermelanosis-degenerated parts experienced the transformation from ctenoid to weak ctenoid, and cycloid shape. Meanwhile, the number of ctenoid scale spines on the blind- side decreased in hypermelanosis-degenerated parts among BSD fish. The plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) levels were determined and compared between the three types of P. olivaceus. Our results showed that the BSD plasma MCH level was significantly higher than that of NBS and BSH, whereas the BSH had the highest MSH level among all three types of fish. Gene expression analysis showed that the BSD pituitary MCH mRNA level was remarkably higher than that of BSH, but for POMC mRNA level, the BSD was significantly low. Results from the present study significantly improved the understanding of the hyperpigmentation on the blind- side of P. olivaceus and help to develop the protocol to control this problem in aquaculture production.
Keywords:Paralichthys olivaceus  Blind-side hypermelanosis degeneration  Melanocytes  MCH  MSH  Gene expression
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