Structural abnormalities of common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> spermatozoa |
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| Authors: | Martin P?eni?ka Marek Rodina Martin Flaj?hans Vojtech Ka?par Otomar Linhart |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Fish Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia, 38925 Vodnany, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Spermatozoa of common carp Cyprinus carpio are typically consist of a primitive head without acrosome, a midpiece with several mitochondria, a centriolar complex (proximal
and distal centriole), and one flagellum. During an evaluation of the motility of common carp spermatozoa, we found spermatozoa
with more than one flagellum and/or “double head” in three different individuals. This may be related to abnormal spermatogenesis.
Ultrastructure and physiological parameters of spermatozoa were examined using light microscopy (dark field with stroboscopic
illumination), transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The recorded pictures and videos were evaluated
using Olympus MicroImage software. All spermatozoa with more than one flagellum had a larger head and shorter flagella. They
occasionally demonstrated several cytoplasmic channels separating the flagella from the midpiece. Each flagellum was based
upon its own centriolar complex, with the connection of the flagellum to the head always at a constant angle. The flagella
always consisted of nine peripheral pairs and one central doublet of microtubules. Sperm exhibited a relative DNA content
similar to that found in sperm from normal males, with higher coefficients of variation. Although similar abnormalities have
been found in livestock, where they were described as a defect in spermiogenesis, no comparable results have been reported
in fish. The frequency at which these abnormalities occurs, the fertilization ability of males with defects in spermiogenesis,
the influence of these abnormalities on progeny in terms of ploidy level, and the occurrence of deformities warrant further
investigation. |
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