| 气吸式覆膜精量油菜播种机排种性能试验与优化设计 |
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| 引用本文： | 张琴,王保爱,孙步功,冯岩.气吸式覆膜精量油菜播种机排种性能试验与优化设计[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(1):275-282. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张琴 王保爱 孙步功 冯岩 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院,甘肃 武威,733006;甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州,730070;北汽福田汽车有限公司,山东 潍坊,261000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（51665001,51665002）；国家公益性行业科研专项经费（201503124） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对目前高寒地油菜播种机普遍存在的重播漏播率高、人工劳动强度大、生长期缺水等问题，研究设计了一种气吸式精量播种机，一次性完成膜上播种、施肥、滴水灌溉、覆膜。分析了播种机主要结构、工作原理，对其关键部件进行结构设计，以排种盘转速、气吸室负压、排种盘型孔直径为试验因素，利用软件优化分析获得合理参数组合。结果表明：播种机排种盘转速197 r·min-1、气吸室负压2.5 kPa、排种盘型孔直径1.2 mm时，田间播种合格率为93%、重播率3%、漏播率1%，播种质量较好。田间试验表明上述参数组合下排种器工作性能满足油菜播种机工作性能要求，该研究为油菜精密播种机的研究和设计提供了理论和技术参数。
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| 关 键 词： | 油菜 气吸式 覆膜 精量播种 排种性能 |
The performance test and optimization design of the air absorption film mulching precision rapeseed seeder |
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| ZHANG Qin,WANG Bao-ai,SUN Bu-gong,FENG Yan.The performance test and optimization design of the air absorption film mulching precision rapeseed seeder[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2019,37(1):275-282. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qin WANG Bao-ai SUN Bu-gong FENG Yan |
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| Abstract: | Due to high failure rate of rapeseed seeding, high labor intensity, water shortage during growth period, and needed reseeding in the cold and high elevation region, we tried to explore how to improve the rapeseed planting successful level. We designed a pneumatic precision seeder that could accomplish film seeding, fertilization, re-mulching, and drip irrigation in one-time. Based on the working principle of the main structure, seeder, and the structure design of the key parts, the disc rotational speed, suction pressure, chamber diameter of exhaust hole plate were evaluated as experiment factors. Then, a set of optimal parameters were selected by doing software optimization analysis. The results showed that a combination of parameters, 197 r·min-1 of the seeding ratational speed, 2.5 kPa of negative pressure suction chamber, and 1.2 mm of diameter of a row of seed holes resulted in significant improvement in a successful seeding rate of 93%, 3% of reseeding rate, and only 1% of missing seeding rate. The field experiment showed that this combination of parameters reduced labor requirement to achieve high rapeseed seeder performance. This research provided theoretical and technical foundations for the research and design of precision seeder for rapeseed. |
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