| 中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度的群体特征及其与生产性能的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 宁景扬,马龙刚,陈紫薇,安涛,常瑶,王凯,王磊,陈少侃,张帆,郭刚,张海亮,王雅春.中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度的群体特征及其与生产性能的关系[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(9):3368-3377. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宁景扬 马龙刚 陈紫薇 安涛 常瑶 王凯 王磊 陈少侃 张帆 郭刚 张海亮 王雅春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100193;2. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;3. 北京首农畜牧发展有限公司, 北京 100176 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系；长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT_15R62）；农业品种改良提升专项（2130135）；北京三元种业科技股份有限公司自立科研课题（SYZYZ20190005） |
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| 摘 要： | 本研究旨在探究北京地区中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度（DPL）的变化规律及其变异对奶牛各项生产性能的影响，包括产奶性能、繁殖性能、初乳品质和乳房健康。收集了北京地区34个牧场出生于2009—2018年136 231头中国荷斯坦牛的干奶日期、生产性能记录、繁殖性能记录等。通过整理试验牛群的干奶记录，揭示了北京地区中国荷斯坦牛1胎和2胎DPL的群体规律，利用固定模型分析了胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄对DPL的影响；此外，利用固定模型分析了DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、首末次配种间隔（interval from first to last insemination，IFL）、产犊至首次配种间隔（interval from calving to first insemination，ICF）和初乳品质的影响，利用Logistic回归过程分析了DPL的变异对首次配种受胎率（conception rate of first insemination，CR）、首次配种56 d不返情率（56-days non-return rate of first insemination，NRR56）、难产率和乳房健康的影响。研究结果显示，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛DPL平均为58.81 d，胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄均对DPL有显著影响（P<0.05）。DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、ICF、CR、NRR56、难产率和乳房健康有显著影响（P<0.05）。干奶期短的奶牛测定日平均乳蛋白率、CR和NRR56更高；DPL适中的奶牛测定日平均产奶量更高、乳房健康水平更好、ICF更短、难产率更低。本研究在国内利用大规模牛群数据揭示了中国荷斯坦牛DPL的群体规律，可为中国规模化奶牛场提升管理水平提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 奶牛 干奶期长度(DPL) 产奶性能 繁殖性能 初乳品质 乳房健康 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-04 |
Population Characteristic of Dry Period Length and Its Relationship with Production Performance in Chinese Holstein Cattle |
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| NING Jingyang,MA Longgang,CHEN Ziwei,AN Tao,CHANG Yao,WANG Kai,WANG Lei,CHEN Shaokan,ZHANG Fan,GUO Gang,ZHANG Hailiang,WANG Yachun.Population Characteristic of Dry Period Length and Its Relationship with Production Performance in Chinese Holstein Cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2021,48(9):3368-3377. |
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| Authors: | NING Jingyang MA Longgang CHEN Ziwei AN Tao CHANG Yao WANG Kai WANG Lei CHEN Shaokan ZHANG Fan GUO Gang ZHANG Hailiang WANG Yachun |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction(MARA), National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;3. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to explore the population characteristics of the dry period length (DPL) and its impacts on the production performance in Chinese Holstein cattle in Beijing, including milk production, reproduction performance, colostrum quality and udder health. In this study, dry dates, production performance records and reproduction records from 136 231 Chinese Holstein cattles born between 2009 to 2018 were collected from 34 herds in Beijing. Based on dry dates recorded from these farms, the population characteristic of DPL of the 1st and 2nd parity were revealed. A fixed effect model was used to analyze the impacts of parity, calving season, herd-calving year and age at first calving on DPL. Furthermore, a fixed model was employed to analyze the impacts of variation in DPL on test-day milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, interval from the first to last inseminations (IFL), interval from calving to first inseminations (ICF) and colostrum quality. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the impacts of variation in DPL on conception rate of first insemination (CR), 56-days non-return rate for first insemination (NRR56), calving ease and udder health. It was found that the average DPL was 58.81 d in Chinese Holstein cattle in Beijing, and parity, calving season, herd-calving year and age at first calving had significant impacts on DPL (P<0.05). The variation of DPL had significant effects on daily milk yield, milk protein rate, ICF, CR, NRR56, dystocia rate and breast health (P<0.05). The cows with short DPL had higher test-day milk protein percentage, CR and NRR56. The cows with moderate DPL had better test-day milk yeild and udder health, shorter ICF and lower dystocia risk. This study revealed the population pattern of DPL of Chinese Holstein cattle by using large-scale herd data in China, and could provide reference for improving the management level of large-scale dairy farms in China. |
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| Keywords: | dairy cattle dry period length(DPL) milk production performance reproductive performance colostrum quality udder health |
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