| 湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 谭庆辉,丁朝阳,曹琰,杨志峰,熊德友,沈朝建,李印.湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查[J].中国动物检疫,2020,37(4):9-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谭庆辉 丁朝阳 曹琰 杨志峰 熊德友 沈朝建 李印 |
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| 作者单位： | 娄底市动物疫病预防控中心;新化县畜牧水产局;中国动物卫生与流行病学中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目（CFETPV） |
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| 摘 要： | 湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0~2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。
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| 关 键 词： | 布鲁氏菌病 山羊 血清流行率 调查 |
A Cross-sectional Study on Brucellosis and Investigation on Movement of Live Sheep in High Risk Areas in Xinhua County of Hunan Province |
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| Tan Qinghui,Ding Zhaoyang,Cao Yan,Yang Zhifeng,Xiong Deyou,Shen Chaojian,Li Yin.A Cross-sectional Study on Brucellosis and Investigation on Movement of Live Sheep in High Risk Areas in Xinhua County of Hunan Province[J].China Journal Of Animal Quarantine,2020,37(4):9-16. |
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| Authors: | Tan Qinghui Ding Zhaoyang Cao Yan Yang Zhifeng Xiong Deyou Shen Chaojian Li Yin |
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| Institution: | (Loudi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Loudi,Hunan 417000,China;Xinhua Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau,Xinhua,Hunan 417600,China;China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China) |
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| Abstract: | In recent years,the outbreaks of animal and human brucellosis have been increasing in Xinhua County of Hunan Province. In order to make clear the population prevalence,recognize relevant awareness and economic behaviors of farms/households,brokers and dealers,and find out all risk factors leading to infection with Brucella during sheep production,the farms with more than 15 sheep in 10 towns/townships of the county were investigated by use of the epidemiological method. In the first stage,samples were randomly collected from farms/households with the purpose of prevalence estimation;then random or risk-based sampling was carried out to screen individuals from sheep group to confirm the disease. The serum samples were tested by rose bengal plate test(RBT)and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA). The farms located in the towns/townships where animal and human brucellosis cases appeared as well as relevant brokers,dealers and other practitioners were emphatically investigated to identify the prevalence of the disease and movement of live sheep. The results showed that the prevalence rate of brucellosis was 0(95%CI:0–2.8%);sheep self-raising and self-breeding with a small scale were the main mode in most farms/households,and generally the sheep were grazed on the nearby mountains;most movements of fattening sheep were within the county,but the bio-security measures of farms/households were not in place;the overall awareness rate of farmers was 80.6%,that of slaughterhouse retailers was 15.2%,and that of brokers was 25.0%,the self-protection awareness of professionals was poor;live sheep for slaughtering were mainly transported from other provinces outside Hunan,which was frequent in winter,during which,brokers had played an important role. So it was suggested that the quarantine and supervision for movement of live sheep should be strengthened,especially in winter,the frequency of monitoring should be increased;the comprehensive control strategy of"monitoring + culling"should be implemented by local authorities,health education and behavior intervention related to brucellosis control should be carried out aiming at slaughterhouse retailers and brokers,so as to improve their awareness and cultivate good professional behaviors and habits. In this study,a basis was provided for prevention and control of brucellosis in Xinhua County,and relevant experience was also accumulated for other regions across China. |
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| Keywords: | brucellosis sheep serological prevalence investigation |
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