| 胚胎干细胞及种系嵌合体的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王娟,杜立新.胚胎干细胞及种系嵌合体的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2003,24(4):15-18. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王娟 杜立新 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安,271018
2. 中国农业科学院,北京,100094 |
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| 摘 要： | 胚胎干细胞是着床前的囊胚内细胞团或早期胎儿的原始生殖细胞经体外分化抑制培养建立的多能性细胞系 ,具有与胚胎细胞相似的形态特征和分化潜能 ,体外培养时保持未分化状态 ,可以传代增殖。改变维持胚胎干细胞不分化的培养条件 ,胚胎干细胞可自发分化成多细胞结构。在一定诱导下 ,胚胎干细胞可向多个方向分化 ,并生成多种功能细胞。胚胎干细胞注入到胚泡期胚胎或与桑椹期胚胎聚合 ,可以参与包括性腺在内的各种组织的嵌合体的形成。胚胎干细胞在细胞分化与调控 ,胚胎发育 ,遗传病 ,肿瘤 ,免疫和组织或器官移植等研究中显示着广泛的应用前景。而种系嵌合体的获得是实现 ES细胞途径的决定步骤 ,低的种系嵌合率则是制约 ES细胞应用的关键。提高供体 PGCs在受体生殖腺中的比例 ,缩短 ES细胞的体外培养时间 ,以及注入早期发育阶段的受体胚胎等都能提高种系嵌合率。文章从多个方面综述了胚胎干细胞的最新研究成果 ,并着重以禽类 ES细胞为例论述了种系嵌合体的检测方法 ,种系嵌合率的影响因素以及提高种系嵌合率的方法
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| 关 键 词： | 胚胎干细胞 原始生殖细胞 种系嵌合体 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-5038(2003)04-0015-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年12月13 |
The Advance of Embryonic Stem Cells and Germline Chimeras |
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| WANG Juan ,DU Li-xin.The Advance of Embryonic Stem Cells and Germline Chimeras[J].Progress In Veterinary Medicine,2003,24(4):15-18. |
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| Authors: | WANG Juan DU Li-xin |
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| Institution: | WANG Juan 1,DU Li-xin 2 |
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| Abstract: | Embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from inner cell mass (ICM) of the preimplanted blastocyst or from primordial germ cells (PGCs) of early embryo, are pluripotent cell lines that have the same morphological characters and differentiation potential as the embryonic cells. ES cells can unlimitedly multiply,and spontaneously differentiate into multicultural structures while cultured in vitro. They can also differentiate into functional cells in special induced conditioned media. Furthermore, ES cells will be widely used in many fields, such as cellular differentiation or control, embryonic development, genetic disease, tumor, immunity and tissue or organ transplantation. The obtain of germline chimeras is the key of putting ES cells into practice, but the germline chimeric rate is low, which hampers the use of ES cells. Lots of methods have been tried to increase the rate, for instance, enhancing the proportion of donor PGCs,shortening the culture time of ES cells, injecting ES cells into the early embryo, etc. In this paper we reviewed the latest advance of embryonic stem cells,and mainly talked about the study of germline chimeras (ex. poultry ES cells) produced by transfer embryonic stem cells, including the means of detecting germline chimeras, the factors, which affected germline chimeric rate. |
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| Keywords: | embryonic stem cells primordial germ cells germline chimeras |
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