| 四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 柏雪,原泽鸿,王建萍,丁雪梅,白世平,曾秋凤,张克英.四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究[J].动物营养学报,2016(9):2847-2860. |
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| 作者姓名： | 柏雪 原泽鸿 王建萍 丁雪梅 白世平 曾秋凤 张克英 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 教育部动物抗病营养研究重点实验室 成都 611130; 四川农业大学动物营养研究所，成都 611130; 西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院，成都 610000;2. 教育部动物抗病营养研究重点实验室 成都 611130; 四川农业大学动物营养研究所，成都 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(青年项目31402031)，四川省教育厅青年基金(13ZB0290)，科技部支撑计划(2014BAD13B04)，四川省科技厅项目(2014NZ0043 |
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| 摘 要： | 本试验旨在了解四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属的分布,为饲料和畜产品安全生产提供科学依据。采集四川省内常用的68份能量饲料包括玉米、小麦、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、喷浆玉米皮、麦麸、米糠]和61份蛋白质饲料(包括玉米蛋白粉、玉米胚芽粕、豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕),利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)含量进行了测定。结果表明:1)玉米中的Cu、Cr和Pb超标率分别为5.00%、20.00%和5.00%,超标样品平均值分别为11.00、1.41和1.06 mg/kg;小麦中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se和Pb超标率分别为50.00%、30.00%、50.00%、20.00%和30.00%,超标样品平均值分别为12.96、54.67、4.92、0.53和0.72 mg/kg。2)麦麸中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为100.00%、54.55%、81.82%、9.09%,45.45%和72.73%,超标样品平均值分别为16.01、62.00、13.96、0.82、0.42和1.99 mg/kg;米糠中的Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为83.33%、16.67%、83.33%、83.33%、16.67%、66.67%和100.00%,超标样品平均值分别为11.48、64.00、5.37、1.05、0.32、0.23和19.57 mg/kg。3)玉米胚芽粕中的Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Se和Pb超标率分别为25.00%、37.50%、75.00%、12.50%、25.00%和50.00%,超标样品平均值分别为13.50、64.00、6.10、1.82、0.46和1.66 mg/kg;玉米蛋白粉中的Cu、Cr和Se超标率分别为11.11%、55.56%和55.56%,超标样品平均值分别为11.40、1.56和0.94 mg/kg;喷浆玉米皮中的Zn、Cr和Pb超标率分别为44.44%、77.78%和55.56%,超标样品平均值分别为57.50、6.13和1.65 mg/kg;DDGS中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为33.33%、58.33%、66.67%、8.33%、8.33%和66.67%,超标样品平均值分别为11.75、62.57、5.57、0.30、0.62和4.47 mg/kg。4)豆粕中的Cr和Se超标率分别为15.00%和25.00%,超标样品平均值分别为3.90和1.63 mg/kg;棉籽粕中的Cr、Se和Pb超标率分别为40.00%、30.00%和15.00%,超标样品平均值分别为3.43、1.18和3.14 mg/kg;菜籽粕中的Cr、As、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为81.82%、18.18%、45.45%、9.09%和72.73%,超标样品平均值分别为7.48、2.22、0.36、0.24和4.91 mg/kg。综合考虑,粮食加工副产物和菜籽粕中的重金属污染较严重,其中Cr和Pb的含量在部分饲料原料中严重超标,具有潜在的危险,应引起重视。
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| 关 键 词： | 电感耦合等离子体质谱 饲料原料 重金属 污染 |
Investigation on Heavy Metal Distribution in Energy Feedstuffs and Protein Feedstuffs of Sichuan Province |
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| Abstract: | This study was designed to investigate the heavy metal distribution in common use energy feedstuffs and protein feedstuffs of Sichuan province, in order to provided the safely in feedstuffs and animal products. The contents of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), seleni-um (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in 68 samples of energy feedstuffs corn, wheat, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn husk of spray, wheat bran and rice bran] and 61 samples of protein feedstuffs (corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal) of Sichuan province were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed as follows:1) the over standard rates of Cu, Cr and Pb in corn were 5.00%, 20.00%and 5.00%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 11.00, 1.41 and 1.06 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cu, Zn, Cr, Se and Pb in wheat were 50.00%, 30.00%, 50.00%, 20.00%and 30.00%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 12.96, 54.67, 4.92, 0.53 and 0.72 mg/kg, respectively. 2) The over standard rates of Cu, Zn, Cr, Se, Cd and Pb in wheat bran were 100.00%, 54.55%, 81.82%, 9.09%, 45.45%and 72.73%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample was 16.01, 62.00, 13.96, 0.82, 0.42 and 1.99 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Se, Cd and Pb in rice bran were 83.33%, 16.67%, 83.33%, 83.33%, 16.67%, 66.67%and 100.00%, respectively; and the means of over standard sample were 11. 48, 64. 00, 5. 37, 1. 05, 0. 32, 0. 23 and 19.57 mg/kg, respectively. 3) The over standard rates of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Se and Pb in corn germ meal were 25.00%, 37.50%, 75.00%, 12.50%, 25.00% and 50.00%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 13.50, 64.00, 6.10, 1.82, 0.46 and 1.66 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cu, Cr and Se in corn gluten meal were 11.11%, 55.56%and 55.56%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 11.40, 1.56 and 0.94 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Zn, Cr and Pb in corn husk of spray were 44.44%, 77.78%and 55.56%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 57.50, 6.13 and 1.65 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cu, Zn, Cr, Se, Cd and Pb in DDGS were 33.33%, 58.33%, 66.67%, 8.33%, 8.33%and 66.67%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 11.75, 62.57, 5.57, 0.30, 0.62 and 4.47 mg/kg, respective-ly. 4) The over standard rates of Cr and Se in soybean meal was 15.00%and 25.00%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 3.90 and 1.63 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cr, Se and Pb in cottonseed meal were 40.00%, 30.00% and 15.00%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 3.43, 1.18 and 3.14 mg/kg, respectively. The over standard rates of Cr, As, Se, Cd and Pb in rapeseed meal were 81.82%, 18.18%, 45.45%, 9.09%and 72.73%, respectively;and the means of over standard sample were 7.48, 2.22, 0.36, 0.24 and 4.91 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the heavy metal pollution is more seriousin in the by-products in foodstuffs and cottonseed meal, the contents of Cr and Pb in feed ingredient are serious excessive, which is potentially danger-ous, should be paid attention to it. |
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| Keywords: | ICP-MS feed ingredients heavy metal pollution |
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