| 饲料中铬源及铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蔡海瑞,谭北平,杨奇慧,董晓慧,迟淑艳,刘泓宇,章双.饲料中铬源及铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016(3):766-779. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蔡海瑞 谭北平 杨奇慧 董晓慧 迟淑艳 刘泓宇 章双 |
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| 作者单位： | 广东海洋大学水产学院，水产动物营养与饲料实验室，湛江 524088 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003020)；广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313621)；广东省产业技术与开发专项资金项目(2013B021100017) |
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| 摘 要： | 本试验旨在研究饲料中铬源及铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响,探讨3种铬源在饲料中的最适添加水平。采用双因素试验设计,铬源分别为氯化铬(Cr Cl3)、吡啶甲酸铬(Cr-Pic)和蛋氨酸铬(Cr-Met),铬添加水平分别为0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2和2.0 mg/kg,配制成16种试验饲料,投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾8周。挑选初始体重为(0.897±0.001)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾1 920尾,随机分为16组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾。结果表明:铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对凡纳滨对虾的终末体重、增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响(P0.05)。铬添加水平为0.3~2.0 mg/kg的各组幼虾的终末体重、增重率显著高于未添加铬组(P0.05),以Cr-Met形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时上述指标达到最大值。Cr Cl3和Cr-Met组在铬添加水平为0.9 mg/kg时饲料系数最低,但与铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg时差异不显著(P0.05);Cr-Pic组在铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg时饲料系数最低。3种铬源下,蛋白质效率均在铬添加水平为0.9 mg/kg时达最大值,但与铬添加水平为1.2mg/kg时差异不显著(P0.05)。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对全虾粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白质和水分含量无显著影响(P0.05)。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯含量均有显著影响(P0.05),以Cr-M et形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时呈现出最高的血清总蛋白含量和最低的血清葡萄糖含量。铬源、铬添加水平及两者的交互作用对血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶及总超氧化物歧化酶活性有显著影响(P0.05),以Cr-Met形式添加0.9 mg/kg铬时血清酚氧化物酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性最高。以增重率为评价指标,以Cr Cl3、Cr-Pic和Cr-Met为铬源时,经折线模型得出饲料中铬的适宜添加水平分别为1.33、1.27、1.04 mg/kg。通过比较可知,Cr-Met的相对生物利用率最高,Cr-Pic次之,Cr Cl3最低。
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| 关 键 词： | 凡纳滨对虾 铬 生长性能 血清生化指标 非特异性免疫酶活性 |
Effects of Dietary Chromium Source and Supplemental Level on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices and Non-Specific Immune Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei |
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| Abstract: | This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary chromium source and supplemental level on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and non-specific immune enzyme activities of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, and to find the optimal supplemental levels of three chromium in the diets.Sixteen iso-nitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by using two-factor experimental design with three chromi-um sources chromium trichloride ( CrCl3 ) , chromium picolinate ( Cr-Pic ) and chromium methionine (Cr-Met), respectively] and six chromium supplemental levels (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 2.0 mg/kg, re-spectively).A total of 1 920 juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of (0.897±0.001) g were randomly distributed into 16 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate.The experi-ment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed that final body weight ( FBW) , weight gain rate ( WGR) , feed conversion rate ( FCR) and protein efficiency ratio ( PER) of shrimps were significantly affected by chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively ( P<0.05).The FBW and WGR in groups supplemented with 0.3 to 2.0 mg/kg chromium were significantly higher than those in the group without chromium ( P<0.05) , and the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium had the highest FBW and WGR.The groups of CrCl3 and Cr-Pic supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium had the lowest FCR, but showed no significant differences compared with 1.2 mg/kg group ( P>0.05) .The highest PER of three chromium sources were founded in the groups supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium, but showed no significant differences compared with the groups supplemented with 1.2 mg/kg chromium ( P>0.05) .Chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and sup-plemental level had significant effects on the crude lipid and crude ash contents in whole body ( P<0.05) , but had no significant effects on the moisture and crude protein contents in whole body ( P>0.05) .Serum total pro-tein ( TP) , glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride contents were significantly affected by chromium source, sup-plemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively ( P<0.05) .The highest TP content and lowest glucose content in serum were found in the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium.The activities of phenoloxidase ( PO) , alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) , acid phosphatase ( ACP) and the total superoxide dismutase ( T-SOD) in serum were significantly affected by chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively ( P<0.05) .The highest serum PO and T-SOD activities were found in the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromi-um.With the WGR as an evaluation index and the CrCl3 , Cr-Pic and Cr-Met as chromium sources, broken-line model shows that the optimal supplemental levels of chromium in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei diets are 1.33, 1.27 and 1.04 mg/kg, respectively.By comparing, the Cr-Met has the highest relative bioavailability, followed by Cr-Pic, and the lowest is CrCl3 . |
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| Keywords: | Litopenaeus vannamei chromium growth performance serum biochemical indices non-specific immune enzyme activities |
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