| 饲养密度和高蛋白质饲粮代谢能水平对公母分饲肉鸡生长性能和腿部健康的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 范庆红,王晓晓,董晓,孙作为.饲养密度和高蛋白质饲粮代谢能水平对公母分饲肉鸡生长性能和腿部健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10). |
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| 作者姓名： | 范庆红 王晓晓 董晓 孙作为 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 青岛农业大学生命科学学院,青岛 266109;山东省莱州市畜牧兽医站,莱州 261400;2. 山东玖瑞农业集团有限公司,青岛,266061;3. 青岛农业大学生命科学学院,青岛,266109 |
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| 摘 要： | 本试验旨在研究饲养密度与高蛋白质(前期23%,后期21%)饲粮代谢能水平对公母分饲肉鸡生长性能和腿部健康的影响。试验采用2(性别)×2(饲养密度)×3(饲粮代谢能水平)三因子完全随机设计,选用1日龄罗斯308(Ross 308)肉鸡公雏1 872只和母雏2 160只,随机分成12个组,每组8个重复。试验设高、低2个饲养密度,以出栏体重计,分别为42高饲养密度(HSD),16公/m2或18母/m2]和26 kg/m2低饲养密度(LSD),10公/m2或12母/m2]。试验饲粮分前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~35日龄)2个阶段配制,饲粮代谢能设高、中、低3个水平,其中,高代谢能(HME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为12.81和13.23 MJ/kg,中代谢能(MME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为12.18和12.60 MJ/kg,低代谢能(HME)水平饲粮前期和后期的代谢能水平分别为11.55和11.97 MJ/kg。结果表明:1)饲养密度与饲粮代谢能水平对肉鸡的平均日增重和料重比有显著交互作用(P0.05)。1~21日龄时,随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,HSD组平均日增重的增加幅度和料重比的降低幅度均小于LSD组;22~35日龄时结果正好相反。性别与饲养密度对肉鸡的平均日采食量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲养密度增加,公鸡平均日采食量的降低幅度大于母鸡。2)HSD极显著降低肉鸡的胸肌率(P0.01),母鸡的胸肌率和腹脂率显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。饲粮代谢能水平和饲养密度对肉鸡的腿肌率有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,LSD组肉鸡的腿肌率降低,而HSD组基本不变。3)高饲粮代谢能水平极显著降低肉鸡的脚垫损伤评分(P0.01),公鸡的步态评分和脚垫损伤评分显著高于母鸡(P0.05),垫料水分含量显著低于母鸡(P0.05)。饲粮代谢能水平与饲养密度对肉鸡的脚垫损伤评分有显著交互作用(P0.05)。随着饲粮代谢能水平增加,HSD组脚垫损伤评分的降低幅度大于LSD组。以上结果表明,高饲养密度降低肉鸡的平均日增重,增加料重比;35日龄前,公鸡比母鸡的空间需求更高;提高高蛋白质饲粮的代谢能水平可以缓解HSD对肉鸡生长性能和脚垫健康的不利影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 饲养密度 饲粮代谢能水平 性别 生长性能 腿部健康 肉鸡 |
Effects of Stocking Density,Sex and Dietary Metabolizable Energy Level in a High?Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Leg Health of Broiler Chickens |
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| FAN Qinghong,WANG Xiaoxiao,DONG Xiao,SUN Zuowei.Effects of Stocking Density,Sex and Dietary Metabolizable Energy Level in a High?Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Leg Health of Broiler Chickens[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,2017,29(10). |
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| Authors: | FAN Qinghong WANG Xiaoxiao DONG Xiao SUN Zuowei |
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density, sex and dietary metaboliza?ble energy ( ME) level in a high?protein ( 23% in early phase and 21% in later phase) diet on growth perform?ance and leg health of broiler chickens. According a 2 ( sex) × 2 ( stocking density) × 3 ( dietary ME level) three?factor completely randomized design, 1872 male and 2160 female 1?day?old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted into 12 groups with 8 replicates per group. Two stocking densities were designed in this experi?ment:42 high stocking densities (HSD), 16 males/m2 or 18 females/m2] and 26 kg market weight/m2low stocking densities (LSD), 10 males/m2 or 12 females/m2], respectively. The experiment contained early phase (1 to 21 days of age) and later phase (22 to 35 days of age), and dietary ME levels divided into high, middle and low levels. The ME levels of high ME ( HME) level diet were 12.81 and 13.23 MJ/kg, the ME levels of middle ME ( MME) level diet were 12.18 and 12.60 MJ/kg, and the ME levels of low ME ( LME) level diet were 11.55 and 11.97 MJ/kg in early phase and later phase, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) stocking density and dietary ME level had significant interactions on average daily gain ( ADG) and the ratio of feed to gain ( F/G) of broiler chickens ( P<0.05) . Increase range of ADG and decrease range of F/G from 1 to 21 days of age in HSD group were lower than those in LSD group with the increase of dietary ME level, however, the results were the op?posite from 22 to 35 days of age. Sex and stocking density had significant interaction on average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broiler chickens (P<0.05). Decrease range of ADFI of male broilers was higher than that of female broilers with the increase of stocking density. 2) HSD significantly decreased breast muscle yield of broiler chick?ens ( P<0.01) , and breast muscle yield and abdominal fat percentage of female broilers were significantly higher than those of male broilers ( P<0.05) . Stocking density and dietary ME level had significant interactions on thigh muscle yield of broiler chickens ( P<0.05) . Thigh muscle yield of broiler chickens in LSD group was decreased, but there was no change in HSD group with the increase of dietary ME level. 3) Dietary HME level significantly decreased footpad burn score of broiler chickens ( P<0.01) , gait score and footpad burn score of male broilers were significantly higher than thaose of female broilers ( P<0.05) , and litter moisture content of male broilers was sig?nificantly lower than that of female broilers ( P<0.05) . Stocking density and dietary ME level had significant inter?action on footpad burn score of broiler chickens (P<0.05). Decrease range of footpad burn score in HSD group was higher than that of LSD group. In conclusion, HSD decreases ADG and increases F/G of broiler chickens, male broilers need more space than the female before 35 days of age, increasing ME level in the high?protein diet can alleviate the negative effects of HSD on growth performance and footpad health. |
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| Keywords: | stocking density dietary metabolizable energy level sex growth performance leg health broiler chickens |
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